Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.When it comes to using technology in education, people tend to think that more is better. Over the past ten years, universities around the world have invested heavily in the wired classroom, adding everything from external computer connections to DVD players. But there is little evidence that these devices improve learning—and, critics argue, they might hinder it, making both students and teachers passive. What if classrooms were restored to the pre-Internet days of tables and chalk?The Idea: Take technology out of the classroom. Jose Bowen, dean of the School of Arts at a university, has done just that. He wants his staff to"teach naked," meaning without the aid of any machines. "Just because you have a PowerPoint presentation doesn't mean you have a good lecture, "he argues. Classroom time should be reserved for the discussion with the professor and aimed at teaching students to think critically and raise new questions. Besides, in the bad economic climate at most universities, avoiding new technology is a sound way to save money.The Evidence: Bowen, who teaches music, delivers content via podcasts(播客), which students must listen to on their own. He then tests them on the material before every class to make sure they've done the work, and uses class time for discussions and research related to the recorded lessons. He has been teaching the same material for 25 years, but since he took up the new approach, his students have been more engaged and scored better on exams.College students asked by researchers to list what motivates them have often stressed class organization and teacher enthusiasm, and above all, active student participation as major elements of a good lecture. In a recent survey, 59 percent of students said half their lectures were boring—particularly those involvingPowerPoint application.The Conclusion: Technology has a place in education, but it should be used independently by students outside the classroom. That gives them more time to absorb lectures via video, and frees teachers to spend class time coaching students in how to apply the material rather than simply absorb it.
31.The critics think that technology may________.
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