2016年下半年软件设计师真题答案(上午)

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1

Software entities are more complex for their size than perhaps any other humanconstruct, because no two parts are alike (at least above the statement level). If they are, wemake the two similar parts into one, a( 71 ), open or closeD. In this respect software systemsdiffer profoundly from computers, buildings, or automobiles, where repeated elements abounD.

Digital computers . are themselves more complex than most things people build; they have very large numbers of states This makes conceiving, describing, and testing them harD. Software systems have orders of magnitude more( 72 )Likewise, a scaling-up of a software entity is not m erely a repetition of the same elementsm larger size; it is necessarily an mcrease in the number of different elements. In most cases, the elements interact with each other in some( 73 )fashion: and the complexity of the wholencreases much more than linearly.

The complexity of software is a(an)( 74 )property, not an accidental one Hencedescriptions of a software entity that abstract away its complexity often abstract away its essence.Mathematics and the physical sciences made great strides for three centuries by constructingsimplified models of complex phenomena, deriving properties fiom the models, and verifyingthose properties experimentally. This worked because the complexities( 75 )in the modelswere not the .essential properties of the phenomena: It does not work when the complexities are the essence.

Many of the classical problems of developing software products derive from this essential complexi and its nonlinear uicreases with size. Not only .technical problems but management problems as well come from the coin plexity.

  • A.fixed
  • B.Included
  • C.ignored
  • D.stabilized
2

Software entities are more complex for their size than perhaps any other humanconstruct, because no two parts are alike (at least above the statement level). If they are, wemake the two similar parts into one, a( 71 ), open or closeD. In this respect software systemsdiffer profoundly from computers, buildings, or automobiles, where repeated elements abounD.

Digital computers . are themselves more complex than most things people build; they have very large numbers of states This makes conceiving, describing, and testing them harD. Software systems have orders of magnitude more( 72 )Likewise, a scaling-up of a software entity is not m erely a repetition of the same elementsm larger size; it is necessarily an mcrease in the number of different elements. In most cases, the elements interact with each other in some( 73 )fashion: and the complexity of the wholencreases much more than linearly.

The complexity of software is a(an)( 74 )property, not an accidental one Hencedescriptions of a software entity that abstract away its complexity often abstract away its essence.Mathematics and the physical sciences made great strides for three centuries by constructingsimplified models of complex phenomena, deriving properties fiom the models, and verifyingthose properties experimentally. This worked because the complexities( 75 )in the modelswere not the .essential properties of the phenomena: It does not work when the complexities are the essence.

Many of the classical problems of developing software products derive from this essential complexi and its nonlinear uicreases with size. Not only .technical problems but management problems as well come from the coin plexity.

  • A.surface
  • B.Outside
  • C.exterior
  • D.Essential
3

Software entities are more complex for their size than perhaps any other humanconstruct, because no two parts are alike (at least above the statement level). If they are, wemake the two similar parts into one, a( 71 ), open or closeD. In this respect software systemsdiffer profoundly from computers, buildings, or automobiles, where repeated elements abounD.

Digital computers . are themselves more complex than most things people build; they have very large numbers of states This makes conceiving, describing, and testing them harD. Software systems have orders of magnitude more( 72 )Likewise, a scaling-up of a software entity is not m erely a repetition of the same elementsm larger size; it is necessarily an mcrease in the number of different elements. In most cases, the elements interact with each other in some( 73 )fashion: and the complexity of the wholencreases much more than linearly.

The complexity of software is a(an)( 74 )property, not an accidental one Hencedescriptions of a software entity that abstract away its complexity often abstract away its essence.Mathematics and the physical sciences made great strides for three centuries by constructingsimplified models of complex phenomena, deriving properties fiom the models, and verifyingthose properties experimentally. This worked because the complexities( 75 )in the modelswere not the .essential properties of the phenomena: It does not work when the complexities are the essence.

Many of the classical problems of developing software products derive from this essential complexi and its nonlinear uicreases with size. Not only .technical problems but management problems as well come from the coin plexity.

  • A.tstates
  • B.parts
  • C.conditions
  • D.Expressions
4

Software entities are more complex for their size than perhaps any other humanconstruct, because no two parts are alike (at least above the statement level). If they are, wemake the two similar parts into one, a( 71 ), open or closeD. In this respect software systemsdiffer profoundly from computers, buildings, or automobiles, where repeated elements abounD.

Digital computers . are themselves more complex than most things people build; they have very large numbers of states This makes conceiving, describing, and testing them harD. Software systems have orders of magnitude more( 72 )Likewise, a scaling-up of a software entity is not m erely a repetition of the same elementsm larger size; it is necessarily an mcrease in the number of different elements. In most cases, the elements interact with each other in some( 73 )fashion: and the complexity of the wholencreases much more than linearly.

The complexity of software is a(an)( 74 )property, not an accidental one Hencedescriptions of a software entity that abstract away its complexity often abstract away its essence.Mathematics and the physical sciences made great strides for three centuries by constructingsimplified models of complex phenomena, deriving properties fiom the models, and verifyingthose properties experimentally. This worked because the complexities( 75 )in the modelswere not the .essential properties of the phenomena: It does not work when the complexities are the essence.

Many of the classical problems of developing software products derive from this essential complexi and its nonlinear uicreases with size. Not only .technical problems but management problems as well come from the coin plexity.

  • A.linear
  • B.nonlinear
  • C.Parallel
  • D.Addititive
5

与地址220.112.179.92匹配的路由表的表项是( )。

  • A.220.112.145.32/22
  • B.220.112.145.64/22
  • C.220.112.147.64/22
  • D.220.112.177.64/22
6

Software entities are more complex for their size than perhaps any other humanconstruct, because no two parts are alike (at least above the statement level). If they are, wemake the two similar parts into one, a( 71 ), open or closeD. In this respect software systemsdiffer profoundly from computers, buildings, or automobiles, where repeated elements abounD.

Digital computers . are themselves more complex than most things people build; they have very large numbers of states This makes conceiving, describing, and testing them harD. Software systems have orders of magnitude more( 72 )Likewise, a scaling-up of a software entity is not m erely a repetition of the same elementsm larger size; it is necessarily an mcrease in the number of different elements. In most cases, the elements interact with each other in some( 73 )fashion: and the complexity of the wholencreases much more than linearly.

The complexity of software is a(an)( 74 )property, not an accidental one Hencedescriptions of a software entity that abstract away its complexity often abstract away its essence.Mathematics and the physical sciences made great strides for three centuries by constructingsimplified models of complex phenomena, deriving properties fiom the models, and verifyingthose properties experimentally. This worked because the complexities( 75 )in the modelswere not the .essential properties of the phenomena: It does not work when the complexities are the essence.

Many of the classical problems of developing software products derive from this essential complexi and its nonlinear uicreases with size. Not only .technical problems but management problems as well come from the coin plexity.

  • A.task
  • B.job
  • C.subroitune
  • D.Program
7

如果路由器收到了多个路由协议转发的关于某个目标的多条路由,那么决定采用哪条路由的策略是( )。

  • A.选择与自己路由协议相同的
  • B.选择路由费用最小的
  • C.比较各个路由的管理距离
  • D.比较各个路由协议的版本
15

以下关于二叉排序树(或二叉查找树、二叉搜索树)的叙述中,正确的是( )

  • A.对二叉排序树进行先序、中序和后序遍历,都得到结点关键字的有序序列
  • B.含有N个结点的二叉排序树高度为【log2n】+1
  • C.从根到任意二个叶子结点的路径上,结点的关键字呈现有序排列的特点
  • D.从左到右排列同层次的结点,’其关键字呈现有序排列的特点
21

下列查询B=“大数据”且F=“开发平台”,结果集属性列为A.B.C.F的关系代数表达式中,查询效率最高的是( )。

  • A.π1,2,3,8 (σ2='大数据' ?1=5 ?3=6 ?8='开发平台'(R×S))
  • B.πl,2,3,8 (σ1=5?3=6?8='开发平台't(σ2='大数据'(R)×s))
  • C.π1,2,3,8(σ2='大数据'?1=5?3=6(R×σ4='开发平台'(S))
  • D.π1,2,3,8(σ1=5^3=6(σ2='大数据'(R)×a4='开发平台'(S)))
24

运行下面的C程序代码段,会出现( )错误。int k=0;for(;k<100;);{k++;)

  • A.变量未定义
  • B.静态语义
  • C.语法
  • D.动态语义
27

乔姆斯基(Chomsky)将文法分为4种类型,程序设计语言的大多数语法现象可用其中的( )描述。

  • A.上下文有关文法
  • B.上下文无关文法
  • C.正规文法
  • D.短语结构文法
35

以下关于UML状态图中转换(transition)的叙述中,不正确的是( )。

  • A.活动可以在转换时执行也可以在状态内执行
  • B.监护条件只有在相应的事件发生时才进行检查
  • C.一个转换可以有事件触发器、监护条件和一个状态
  • D.事件触发转换
36

如下所示的切帆状态图中,( )时,不一定会离开状态B

  • A.状态B中的两个结束状态均达到
  • B.在当前状态为B2时,事件e2发生
  • C.事件e2发生
  • D.事件el发生
37

面向对象分析的目的是为了获得对应用问题的理解,其主要活动不包括( )。

  • A.认定并组织对象
  • B.描述对象间的相互作用
  • C.面向对象程序设计
  • D.确定基于对象的操作
38

在面向对象方法中,支持多态的是( )。

  • A.静态分配
  • B.动态分配
  • C.静态类型
  • D.动态绑定
42

以下关于软件测试的叙述中,不正确的是( )。

  • A.在设计测试用例时应考虑输入数据和预期输出结果
  • B.软件测试的目的是证明软件的正确性
  • C.在设计测试用例时,应该包括合理的输入条件
  • D.在设计测试用例时,应该包括不合理的输入条件
45

( )不属于软件质量特性中的可移植性。

  • A.适应性
  • B.易安装性
  • C.易替换性
  • D.易理解性对下图所示流程图采用白盒测试方法进行测试,若要满足路径覆盖,则至少需要( 32 )个测试用例。采用McCabe度量法计算该程序的环路复杂性为( 33 )。
50

假设段页式存储管理系统中的地址结构如下图所示,则系统( )。

3 1 24 23 13 12 0

  • A.最多可有256个段,每个段的大小均为2048个页,页的大小为8K
  • B.最多可有256个段,每个段最大允许有2048个页,页的大小为8K
  • C.最多可有5 1 2个段,每个段的大小均为1 024个页,页的大小为4K
  • D.最多可有5 1 2个段,每个段最大允许有1 024个页,页的大小为4K
52

实时操作系统主要用于有实时要求的过程控制等领域。实时系统对于来自外部的事件必须在( )。

  • A.一个时间片内进行处理
  • B.一个周转时间内进行处理
  • C.一个机器周期内进行处理
  • D.被控对象规定的时间内做出及时响应并对其进行处理
55

常用的函数参数传递方式有传值与传引用两种( )。

  • A.在传值方式下,形参与实参之间互相传值
  • B.在传值方式下,实参不能是变量
  • C.在传引用方式下,修改形参实质上改变了实参的值。
  • D.在传引用方式下,实参可以是任意的变量和表达式。
60

结构化开发方法中,( )主要包含对数据结构和算法的设计。

  • A.体系结构设计
  • B.数据设计
  • C.接口设计
  • D.过程设计
65

( )的保护期限是可以延长的。

  • A.专利权
  • B.商标权
  • C.著作权
  • D.商业秘密权
66

( )不是数字签名的作用。

  • A.接收者可验证消息来源的真实性
  • B.发送者无法否认发送过该消息
  • C.接收者无法伪造或篡改消息
  • D.可验证接收者合法性
67

在网络设计和实施过程中要采取多种安全措施,其中( )是针对系统安全需求的措施。

  • A.设备防雷击
  • B.入侵检测
  • C.漏洞发现与补丁管理
  • D.流量控制
70

以下关于Cache与主存间地址映射的叙述中,正确的是( )。

  • A.操作系统负责管理C,ache与主存之间的地址映射
  • B.程序员需要通过编程来处理Cache与主存之间的地址映射
  • C.应用软件对C ache与主存之间的地址映射进行调度
  • D.由硬件自动完成Cache与主存之间的地址映射
71

计算机在一个指令周期的过程中,为从内存读取指令操作码,首先要将( )的内容送到地址总线上。

  • A.指令寄存器(IR)
  • B.通用寄存器(GR)
  • C.程序计数器(PC)
  • D.状态寄存器(PSW)