语言与文化自考2018年10月真题及答案解析

Discuss the features of styles of language by analyzing the following sentences.

(1)Visitors should go up the stairs at once.

(2)Would you mind going upstairs right away, please?

(3)Time you all went upstairs, now.

red handed

a nine days wonder

What are allusions? How do they reflect culture?

没什么，这是我应该做的。

知识就是力量。

久仰大名

Why was“Poison”that seemed a shock to people used as a perfume brand name?

What is psychological time orientation?

今天的人民日报在哪儿?

Human territories can be classified into three basic categories: primary territory, secondary territory and_______territory.

What does culture mean in a broad sense?

What is emphasized by collectivism?

Honourifics are used to show_______to one’s interlocutors and persons mentioned in conversations, while terms of humility are used to show the speaker’s modesty.

In English letters of request and indeed in most English letters, the_____for which the letter is written precedes the supporting information.

Generally the English news report serves to amuse the reader, to present a piece of news in a light tone, while the Chinese news report is almost exclusively______.

A direct comparison between two or more unlike things, normally introduced by “like” or“as”is a _______.

An idiom is a construction, expression, etc, having a meaning different from the_______ one or not according to the usual patterns of the language.

In English culture, “title +_______”vocatives are normally used in formal situations.

It is often said that English is a language with explicit grammar and Chinese a language with______grammar.

The Chinese equivalent for“housewarming”is______rather than “室内供暧”.

Words that are used in American English are ______.

Which of the following are typical examples of emblems?

The medium of verbal interaction is_______without which cooperation would beimpossible.

“不敢当” in Chinese can be translated into “______.”

Metaphors can be found in the sentence“______.”

In which of the following sentences can paratactic relations be found?

What is true about a proverb?

Among the following forms of address, ______are NOT accepted in English culture.

Which of the words have inflectional morphemes?

Thought is the_____of the human brain.

The word “young”is associated with “______”in English culture.

When an item in the target nonverbal communication systems corresponds in both form and meaning to an item in the native nonverbal communication system, the learner can simply_______the item in his or her native non-communication systems to the target ones.

Advertisement English differs from other varieties of English in many ways. A tactful use of homophones can be found in the following advertisement“______.”

Nonverbal messages which serve the function of______the verbal messages are ones that could stand alone if the verbal messages were not present.

The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is thepronunciation of “______” in words.

Hypotactic relations at the sentential level refer to constructions whose components are linked through the use of______.

For the whole day he climbed up the steer mountainside, almost without stopping. And in all this time he met no one.

In the above example, the logical relationship between the sentences is_______relations.

In the following metaphorical expressions, “______” shows ideas are food.

There are more honourifics in Oriental language than in European language. ______ is particularly rich in honourifics.

Pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions that are used to mask harsh, rude or infamous truths are ______.

In the sentence, “Bring the child down to me for a fortnight. I have a huge old garden where he can be as free as a bird”, the tenor is_______.

The meaning of the idiom “the cat’s got your tongue” is “______.”

The sentence “她是个王熙凤式的人物” uses an allusion from a Chinese literary work_______.

The following sentences have hypotactic relations EXCEPT “______.”

“Flora” is a quite common English name. It belongs to_______names.

In English speaking countries some elderly persons may use “_______” as a vocative to address a young lad without meaning to offend.

The relationship between a word and an object in the real world to which the wordrefers is _______the meaning of the word.

If an entry in a dictionary consists of two or more words, it will be treated as a______.

The following Chinese sentences are implicit passive sentences EXCEPT_______.

When we say that language is______, we mean that the language is rule governed.

Without the emergence of______man would remain what he was one or two million years ago.