英语科技文选自考2017年04月真题及答案解析

Between the distant quasars and the stars of the Sun’s neighborhood lies a vast middle ground where the architecture of the cosmos stands in full display. Far from scattering at random as astronomers once surmised, galaxies tend to congregate，as people do. Moreover, their congregations also congregate, and so on.

Web developer Nathan Broadbent loved automating everyday tasks. He also loved frozen dinners and wanted to program his microwave to prepare them. He suspected an oven could take advantage of Universal Product Codes—the bar codes found on almost all food packaging—to download and execute cooking instructions all by itself. “We’re at this point with technology that we have everything we need to make this possible, but no one’s doing it.”he says. To prove it, Broadbent took apart a 1990S—eramicrowave, studied its circuitry, and integrated a Raspberry Pi mini computer (and a custom circuit board) to hijack the oven’s electronics. Next, he attached a Wi-Fi adapter, a microphone, a speaker, and a barcode scanner. When the scanner identifies a food, the Pi downloads cooking instructions from an online database that Proadbent created and programs the oven to carry them out. The appliance even obeys voice commands (e.g., “Cook on high for two minutes”) and accepts instructions wirelessly via Internet-connected devices. When something finishes cooking, the oven doesn’t just beep—it speaks and can also update a Twitter account. So now Broadbent can have his microwavable cake and tweeze it too.

My View on New Energy Automobiles

cater for

define

bring ... into play

argue over

suffice for

1、我们应该调动一切枳极因素，进行必要的教学改革。

2、学生们在为参观哪一家博物馆而争论不休。

3、他们希望新建的实验中心能够适应你们的特殊要求。

4、这份工资够你现在花吗?

5、动物学是研究动物结构、种类和分布的科学。

The more miscarriages or abortions a woman has, the greater are her chances of giving birth to a child that is underweight or premature in the future, the research shows. Low birthweight (under 2500 g) and (31) birth (less than 37 weeks) are two of the major contributors (32) deaths(33) newborn babies and infants. Rates of low (34) and premature birth were highest among mothers who were black, young or old, poorly (35), and unmarried. But there was a strong association (36) miscarriage and abortion and an early or underweight birth, even (37) adjusting for other influential factors, such as smoking, high blood pressure and heavy drinking. Women who had (38) one, two, or three or more miscarriages or (39) in the past were almost three, five, and nine times as likely to give birth to an underweight child as those without previous(40)or abortions.

The hotel housekeeper________the guest’s absence to tidy his room.

The flowers_______a sweet smell of fragrance.

Today, no one would doubt the fact that the earth______the sun.

When the fireworks exploded in the air, we saw_______sparks falling down.

The plane arrived half an hour_______.

The driver stopped the car and______the engine______.

Parents want to______their children_______as much art and culture as possible.

These people are quite similar_______incomes and status.

Our total energy consumption is now almost_______40% and still rising.

In science fictions, people_______the future world.

He showed us how to_______the graphic_______the text on the same screen.

In some cases, Chinese industry has_______customer needs in designing products.

different 区分

discriminate 不加选择的

play 相互作用

deficiency 缺乏的

verify 鉴定(名词)

reversible 不可逆转性

mathematics 数学家

extricable 无法摆脱的

What challenge is NOT mentioned in the article by the Wildlife Management Institute ?

The red wolves in the wild face the threat of______.

According to the passage, which of the following about the red wolves is NOT true?

Why were the advocates concerned about the conservation of the red wolves?

(B)

    Can the red wolf survive outside of zoos? Is it really a distinct species? These are some of the questions that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) says it needs to answer before it can decide whether to continue managing the only population left in the wild. The agency announced today that it would spend the rest of the year evaluating its recovery efforts and conducting research on the controversial species, and won’t release any more animals into the wild for the time being.

The phrase “associated with” in line 1, paragraph 6, is closest in meaning to______.

Which of the following would be LEAST likely in biophilic design?

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

(A)

   Trees are known to improve air quality by capturing six common air pollutants and toxic gases: ground-level ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and lead. In fact, a single tree can absorb 10 pounds of air pollutants per year. In a study published in 2014, U.S. Forest Service scientists and collaborators calculated that trees are saving more than 850 human lives a year and preventing 670,000 incidents of acute respiratory symptoms. The researchers valued the human health effects of the reduced air pollution at nearly $7 billion every year.

     “We found that, in general, the greater the tree cover, the greater the pollution removal, and the greater the removal and population density, the greater the value of human health benefits,” says Dave Nowak of the U.S. Forest Service.

      More recently a 2015 study from the Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) in Barcelona, Spain found that children exposed to more greenery—as measured by satellite imagery of their schools and neighborhoods—demonstrated better attention skills and memory development. While the association was partly mediated by reductions in air pollution, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, one of the study’s authors, noted that he and the study’s other researchers don’t think it’s all air pollution: “I think it’s also some kind of direct effect... you see quite a beneficial effect of green space on mental health.”

       Numerous recent studies have focused on the positive effects that exposure to trees and nature has on our mental health. A recent study published in the journal Nature combined satellite imagery, individual tree data, and health surveys from 31,109 residents of the greater Toronto, Canada area, and found that people who live in areas with higher street tree density report better health perception compared with their peers living in areas with lower street tree density.

      “People have sort of neglected the psychological benefits of the environment,” says Marc G. Berman, an author of the study and professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. “I’m very interested in how the physical environment affects the brain and behavior.”

       Such studies correlate to the“biophilia hypothesis” associated with German-born American psychoanalyst Erich Fromm and Harvard evolutionary biologist Edward O. Wilson. The hypothesis proposes that humans have evolutionary biological and psychological needs attached with the natural world. According to the book. The Biophilia Hypothesis, co-edited by Wilson and Yale social ecology professor Stephen R. Kellert, relentless environmental destruction could have a significant impact on our psychological and spiritual quality of life.

        “Why do people bring flowers to the hospital all the time? Is it just superficial? Is it just a nice gesture, nice but not important? I would suggest that it is a much deeper recognition of the healing effects associated with affirming life,” Kellert told Yale 360. With over 80 percent of Americans living in urban areas, this newer research implies an indispensable need for growth and implementation in urban tree planting, urban greening and biophilic design in educational institutions and places of business for enriched physical and mental health.

Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

The author mentions all the following air pollutants and toxic gases EXCEPT______.