英语词汇学2008年7月真题试题及答案解析（00832）

Analyze and comment on the following two pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates:

[a]Trees surround the water near our summer place.

[b]Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin.

[a]I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.

[b]I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of Senator Buckley.

What is semantic unity of idioms? Explain it with one example.

Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the changes in word meaning. State your reason with one example.Elevation or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.

Comment on the following 2 groups of words or sentences to illustrate the semantic features and grammatical features of compounds.

Group 1: “red meat/hot dog”

Group 2: “He bad-mouthed me. / major generals”

What is conceptual meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point.

grammatical context

What are the types of morphemes?

Pejoration

Homophone

bound root

Prefixation

Three good general dictionaries are LDCE, CCELD and ________.

Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent ________.

There are generally ________ major factors that cause changes in meaning.

Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is called ________ or non-linguistic context.

Suffixation generally changes the grammatical function or word ________ of stems of words.

________ indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.

Relative synonyms or ________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality.

As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or ________ of sounds which are made voluntarily with human vocal equipment.

Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, ________ and borrowing.

The ________ is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.

onomatopoeic motivation

regional English

abstract to concrete

figurative use

semantic motivation

borrowing

etymological motivation

notional words

B

(A) laconic meaning “brief” or “short”

(B) the foot of the mountain

(C)squeak/hiss

(D) You should address your remarks to the chair.

(E) charm/glamour

(F) black market/greenhorn

(G) occupation/walk of life

(H) fire/flame/conflagration

(I) This teaching assistant is an efficient help.

(J) cloud/yellow

A

 morphological motivation

associated transfer

Usage notes of the dictionary explain the following aspects EXCEPT ________.

The following are the types of dictionary EXCEPT ________.

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980) is a(n) ________ dictionary.

Sentence idioms embrace the following sentence types EXCEPT ________.

“Beyond the pale” is an idiom ________ in nature.

The idiom “hustle and bustle” is a ________ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.

The following are types of context EXCEPT ________.

In the sentence “The village had most of the usual amenities: a pub, a library, a post office, a village hall, a medical centre, and a school.” The meaning of amenity can be inferred from the clue of ________.

In the sentence “Never run towards a dangerous animal.”, the word “dangerous” is used in the ________ sense of transfer. ( )

The sentence “They saw her duck.” is ambiguous due to ________.

A good example of ________ is the word “manuscript”, which now means “writing by hand or typed with a type-writer or a word-processor”, but its original meaning was “handwriting” only.

All the following words can be used as an antonym to the word “clear” EXCEPT ________.

The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT ________.

In both CCELD and LDCE, the most frequently used meaning of the word “gay” is ________.

A common feature peculiar to all natural languages is ________.

Words which are used to show the attitude of approval are ________.

“Pavement” in British English and “sidewalk” in American English have the same ________.

So far as stylistic meaning is concerned, “residence” is ________.

The word “smog” is created by blending, with the structure of ________.

The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ________.

The word “AIDS” is a(n) ________.

“Dis-” in the word “disloyal” is a ________ prefix.

The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the ________ set and the Western set.

The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /z/ after the following sounds EXCEPT ________.

The word “recollection” comprises ________ morphemes.

The prehistoric ________ parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language, which English originated from.

Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the following EXCEPT ________.

Which of the following words does NOT belong to terminology?

In the sentence “I like to see a movie.”, there are ________ functional words.

Of the characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is ________.