全国自考现代语言学模拟试卷(2)

Discuss the different theories of child language acquisition with reference to the behaviorist learning model and the nativist biological model.

What characteristics of language do you think should be included in a good, comprehensive definition of language?

predication

general linguistics

design features

complementary antonyms

componential analysis

language transfer

hyponymy

broad transcription

lingua franca

The structure that occurs after movement takes place is what we term as surface structure.

fossilization

One of the clauses in coordinate sentence is subordinate to the other.

WH movement is obligatory in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.

A compound can be written as one word with or without a hyphen between its components, or as two separate words.

According to Chomsky, a speaker can produce and understand an unlimited number of sentences because he possesses an internalized set of rules about his language.

The word knight once meant “youth”, but was elevated in meaning in time for the age of chivalry. This is an example of semantic shift.

In first language acquisition children's grammar models exactly after the grammar of adult language.

Speech act theory was proposed by the British philosopher John Austin in the late 1950s.

Another kind of change that can be thought of as “economy of memory” results in a reduction of the number of exceptional or irregular morphemes. For example, children and adults are presently saying I dreamed last night (instead of dreamt). This kind of change has been called rule simplification.

Normally a sentence consists of at least a subject and its predicate which contains a f________ verb or a verb phrase.

Performatives are sentences that do not state a fact or describe a state, and are not verifiable.

When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form. a m________ pair.

P________ is interested in the system of sounds of a particular language.

Syntax consists of a set of abstract rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form. grammatical sentences. It is universally found that syntactic rules comprise a speaker's system of i________ linguistic knowledge known as linguistic competence.

Componential analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning c________.

The I________ Language family is the first and most widely investigated language family of the world.

A e________ is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression substituted when the speaker or writer fears more direct, or offensive wording might be harsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive.

Morphology can be divided into two sub-branches: inflectional morphology and d________ morphology.

An English speaker and Chinese speaker are both able to use a language, but they are not mutually intelligible. This is a case of c________ transmission.

In Austin's early speech act theory, c________ were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.

Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ________ or generalization.

A sentence is considered ________ when it conforms to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.

We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and individual sounds within that range as ________.

In semantic analysis of a sentence, a(n) ________ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element in a sentence.

Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of the ________ system of language.

According to F. de Saussure, ________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.

The illocutionary point of ________ has the characteristic that the successful performance of an act of this kind brings about the correspondence between what is said and reality.

________ represents the basis for the meaning of a sentence, although it is not supposed to provide the full meaning of a sentence.

A ________ analysis of an utterance will reveal what the speaker intends to do with it.

________ dialects are characteristic of a particular type of linguistic activity and appropriate for use in particular speech situations.