现代语言学2014年10月真题试题与答案解析（00830）

Please explain the sociological triggers for language change with examples.

Are the following combinations of phonemes permissible in English? If not, please give your reasons.[lkid], [rb?t]. [wksi]. [prsil].

error analysis

the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

speech variety

tterance meaning

blending

componential analysis

bound morphemes

syntactic category

intonation

langue

Lateralization is an evolutionary precondition of the development of superior intelligence as well as a precondition of language acquisition.

The standard variety of language is better than other varieties.

The fossilization of the learner's interlanguage is believed to be a major source of incorrect forms resistant to further instruction.

Sentence meaning consists of two aspects: grammatical meaning and semantic meaning.

While Middle English resembles Old English to a great degree, it looks very different from Modern English.

The meaning of the word “bank” cannot be determined by the context of the sentence “There is a bank over there”.

NP and AP are essential components of a sentence, comprising the subject and the predicate of a sentence.

SufTixcs are added to the end of stems; they modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech.

Diachronic linguistics focuses on the description of language at some point in time while synchronic linguistics focuses on the description of language development through time.

According to Krashen, a refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.

The two labiodental sounds in English [f], [v] are produced by bringing the lower lip into contact with the upper lip.

The most important part of the brain is the outside surface of the brain, called the cerebral c .

The Old English word “nicht”, pronounced as /nixt/, and its present form “night”, pronounced as /nait/ with the voiceless velar fricative /x/ absent, show an example of sound l__________.

Taboo and e are two faces of the same communication coin.

Major sense relations include s , polysemy, hononymy, hyponymy and antonymy.

Introductory words such as “that”, “if”, “until”, “after”, “before” which arc required by most embedded clauses are called s .

The l_____________ act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.

As part of a word, a r cannot stand by itself although it carries clear, definite meaning; it must be combined with other morphemes to form a word.

As a phonological rule, the d rule tells us when a sound is to be deleted although it is orthographically represented.

The utterances of children at early ( ) stage typically lack inflectional morphemes and most minor lexical categories.

As traditional grammars aim to lay down rules for “correct” behavior, they are said to be p_______.

The mental function of ( ) is under the control of the left hemisphere.

According to ( ), speech acts fall into five general categories, which include representatives, directives, commissives, expressives and declarations.

( ) is an example of official bilingualism where French and English are recognized official languages.

The major topics of historical linguistics do NOT include ( ).

The sentence “lf it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.” belongs to the type of ( ).

Predication analysis is a way to analyze ( ) meaning.

Structurally speaking, the word “agreement” consists of two meaningful components which cannot be analyzed any further, i. e., “agree” and “-ment”. We call these meaningful components at the lowest level of a word “( )”.

The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called ( ) features.

The framework of design features was proposed by a linguist called ( ).