2019年4月全国自考现代语言学真题试卷

lingua franca

Of the two media of language, speech and writing, which is more basic in the view of modern linguistics? Explain the reasons.

What are the major views concerning the study of meaning? Explain them briefly.

illocutionary act

historical linguistics

semantics

branching nodes

linguistic lateralization

language transfer

International Phonetic Alphabet(IPA)

inflectional affixes

The most vigorous and on-going change in the historical development of language is the change in its vocabulary.

If one says what he believes to be false, he violates the maxim of quantity.

applied linguistics

The arrangement of words in a linear sequence entails that sentences are simply linearly-structured.

When two words are identical in spelling, they are homophones.

A euphemism is a mild, direct or less offensive word or expression substituted when the speaker or writer fears more indirect wording might be harsh, unpleasantly offensive.

Studies of the effect of formal instruction in general support the hypothesis that instruction decides SLA.

For most individuals, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, regardless of handiness.

Since a compound is a word, its components cannot be written separately.

According to F. de Saussure, parole is concrete, while langue is abstract.

There are two nasals in English:[m][n].

R________ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.

It is generally accepted that the history of the English language is divided into the periods of O________ English, Middle English and Modern English.

According to John Austin, p________ were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state and were not verifiable.

The theory of Case Condition accounts for the fact that n________ phrases appear only in subject and object positions.

The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called h________, one on the right and one on the left.

A particular r________ may be used by a particular group of people, usually sharing the same occupation like doctors, teachers, and lawyers, or the same interests, such as stamp collectors, football fans.

English consonants can be classified either in terms of m________ of articulation or in terms of place of articulation.

Bound morphemes include two types: roots and a________.

Language acquisition is concerned with language d________ in humans.

Historical linguistics is the subfield of linguistics that studies language change, therefore, it mainly adopts a ________ approach.

While the meaning of a sentence is abstract, and decontextualized, the meaning of a(n) ________ is concrete, and context-dependent.

D________ features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.

The sense relation that holds between the two words flower and rose is ________.

In sociolinguistics, the more standard variety is called the ________ variety, which is used for more formal or serious matters, such as speeches made in government, the media, school, or church.

The basic unit in the study of morphology is ________.

Traditionally the three major types of sentences are ________、________ and ________ sentences.

One of major mental functions controlled by the right hemisphere of the brain is ________.

Linguistics is generally defined as the ________ study of language.

The American SLA scholar ________ proposed the distinction between acquisition and learning.

________ aims to discover how speech sounds in language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.