自考英语国家概况2008年7月真题及答案解析

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15

Ireland is divided into two political units. They are ______.

  • A.Great Britain and Ireland
  • B.the United Kingdom and Northern Island
  • C.Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland
  • D.the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland
17

The first Englishman to visit New Zealand was ______.

  • A.James Cook
  • B.Abel Tasman
  • C.Jacques Cartier
  • D.John Cabot
18

New Zealand is the first country in the world to get the new day because _____.

  • A.it is located in the Southern Pacific Ocean
  • B.it is just east of the International Date Line
  • C.it is just west of the International Date Line
  • D.it is located halfway between the equator and the South Pole
19

Queensland is also called ______.

  • A.the garden state
  • B.the sunshine state
  • C.the premier state
  • D.the state of excitement
20

Which of the following is NOT the factor of the hot and dry climate in Australia?

  • A.Australia has few mountains.
  • B.Most of Australia is far from the oceans.
  • C.Most of Australia lies between 20°and 35°north.
  • D.The air masses are dry, sunny, and high pressure cells.
22

Why were the French troops in Canada defeated by the British during the SevenYears’ War?

  • A.Because British troops are too strong to be defeated.
  • B.Because they were not used to the weather in Canada.
  • C.Because they did not get support from the local people.
  • D.Because they did not receive the supplies they needed so badly.
23

Which of the following is NOT included in the Prairie Provinces?

  • A.Alberta.
  • B.Manitoba.
  • C.Saskatchewan.
  • D.New Brunswick.
24

In 1931 by ______ Canada was formally declared to be a sovereign nation andbecome a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

  • A.the Quebec Act
  • B.the Act of Union
  • C.the Statute of Westminster
  • D.the British North American Act
25

Of all the symbols, ______ which are considered to represent fertility and new life, are most frequently associated with Easter.

  • A.the lamb and the beef
  • B.the egg and the rabbit
  • C.the pumpkin and the turkey
  • D.the spring peas and box of chocolate
26

In 1836, ______ published his famous book Nature, which is the clearest statement of Transcendentalist ideas.

  • A.Walt Whitman
  • B.Emily Dickerson
  • C.Nathaniel Hawthorne
  • D.Ralph Waldo Emerson
27

The origin of the American party system can be traced to ______.

  • A.the conflict between Democrats and Republicans
  • B.the constitutional debate between the Federalists and the anti-Federalists
  • C.the struggle between those who supported slavery and those who opposed slavery
  • D.the struggle between the Royalists and revolutionaries in the War of Independence
28

In order to prevent the government from misusing its power, the writers of theConstitution worked out ______.

  • A.Bill of Rights
  • B.checks and balances
  • C.the Articles of Confederation
  • D.The Civil Rights Act of 1964
29

In America, it is ______ that establishes policies for the education within its boundary.

  • A.the state
  • B.the mayor
  • C.the federal government
  • D.the governor of the state
30

Which of the following was related to the upsurge in births?

  • A.Oil industry.
  • B.Automobile and housing.
  • C.Housing and defense industries.
  • D.Automobile and defense industries.
31

The Supreme Court played a role in approving the lawfulness ofanti-Communist hysteria by ______.

  • A.supporting the trial of Alger Hiss
  • B.supporting President Truman’s executive order
  • C.convicting 11 high-ranking Communist leaders
  • D.deciding that the Smith Act was in line with the Constitution
32

Which of the following is NOT true of the U. S. economy?

  • A.There is little government involvement in the economy.
  • B.The American economy is based largely on a free enterprise system.
  • C.The American economy is characterized by a high degree of monopoly.
  • D.Unemployment, inflation, financial deficit are the main problems in American economy.
33

The ______ in the 1920s was the beginning of a long economic depression in theU.S.

  • A.stock market crash
  • B.political persecution
  • C.government corruption
  • D.government interference
34

During the Second World War, American diplomacy largely was American diplomacy towards ______.

  • A.Germany and Italy
  • B.Germany and Japan
  • C.Britain and France
  • D.Britain and Soviet Union
36

Which of the following is NOT true about the Progressive Movement?

  • A.It happened at the turn of the 20th century.
  • B.It was an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.
  • C.It demanded government regulation of the economy and social conditions.
  • D.It was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economic reforms.
39

The Red Scare in 1919 and 1920 reflected ______ in American history.

  • A.material success
  • B.spiritual frustration
  • C.intolerant nationalism
  • D.rapid growth of economy
40

The significance of the War of Independence is the following EXCEPT that ______.

  • A.it paved the way for the development of capitalism in America
  • B.it was a historic event, by which the American people gained independence
  • C.it made both Britain and America realize that their disputes should be solved through negotiation
  • D.it had great international influence—for instance, the colonies rose up one after another to overthrow colonial rule
41

The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the ______ ContinentalCongress on ______.

  • A.First, July 4, 1767
  • B.First, July 14,1767
  • C.Second, July 4,1776
  • D.Second, July 14,1776
42

The chief reasons for early settlers to come to the New Continent were thefollowing EXCEPT ______.

  • A.to escape from poverty
  • B.to seek better opportunity
  • C.to practice religious toleration
  • D.to escape religious persecution
43

In the United States, the largest minority group is ______ while the fastest-growing minority group is ______.

  • A.the Asian-American group, Hispanics
  • B.the African-American group, European ethnic groups
  • C.the African-American group, the Asian-American group
  • D.the Asian-American group, the African-American group
45

Between the end of the civil war and 1880, there was a big populationmovement in the United States, with people moving ______.

  • A.from the rural areas to cities
  • B.from the core cities to the suburbs
  • C.from the Northeast to the South and the West
  • D.from the densely-populated east coast to the sparsely-populated west
47

Which of the following statements about UK’s monarchy is NOT true?

  • A.The Sovereign reigns, but doest not rule.
  • B.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.
  • C.The continuity of the monarchy has been broken only once.
  • D.The monarchy is the oldest institution of government, going back to at least the 7th century.
50

After the Opium War in 1840, China ceded Hong Kong to Britain and openedfive ports to British trade by ______.

  • A.the Treaty of Paris
  • B.the Treaty of Beijing
  • C.the Treaty of Nanjing
  • D.the Treaty of Tianjin
51

Tories were traditionalists who were certainly against ______.

  • A.hereditary monarchy
  • B.Parliamentary reforms
  • C.the Church of England
  • D.strict maintenance of law and order
52

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of farming in the late18th and early 19th centuries?

  • A.The “open-field” system.
  • B.A system of crop rotation.
  • C.Introduction of artificial fertilizer.
  • D.Introduction of new agricultural machinery.
55

Magna Carta was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between ______, a guarantee of the freedom of the church and a limitation of the powers of the king.

  • A.the Crown and the barons
  • B.the Crown and the church
  • C.the Crown and Parliament
  • D.Parliament and the working class
56

The purpose of Henry Ⅷ’s reform was all the following EXCEPT ______.

  • A.to alter theology in any way
  • B.to get rid of Papal interference
  • C.to make an independent church of England
  • D.to get rid of the English Church’s connection with Pope
61

William replaced ______, the council of the Anglo-Saxon kings, with ______.

  • A.the Witan, Parliament
  • B.the Grand Council, the Witan
  • C.the Witan, the Grand Council
  • D.the Grand Council, Parliament
62

Which of the following tribes came to Britain first?

  • A.The Jutes.
  • B.The Gaels.
  • C.The Angles.
  • D.The Saxons.
64

Which of the following statements about the Commonwealth of Nations is NOT true?

  • A.It has no special powers.
  • B.It has 50 member countries in 1991.
  • C.Its member nations are joined together for military purpose.
  • D.It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.