CSMA/CD在CSMA的基础上增加了冲突检测功能。网络中的某个发送站点一旦检测到冲突，它就立即停止发送，并发送一个冲突码，其他站点都会(39)。如果站点发送时间为1，任意两个站之间的传播延迟为t，若能正常检测到冲突，对于基带总线网络，t的值应为(40)；对于宽带总线网络，t的值应为(41)。

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The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)is an(71)protocol that facilitates the exchange of management information between(72). It is part of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol suite. SNMP enables network(73)to manage network performance, find and sole network problems, and plan for(74). An SNMP-man-aged network consists of three key components: managed devices,(75), and network-management systems.

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