程序并发执行与顺序执行时相比产生了一些新的特征，他们分别是(56)，(57)，(58)。

FO设备的类型繁多，从资源分配的角度，操作系统把外设部分分为(59)，(60)和虚拟设备。

(100)

(98)

(99)

In　data　communication,　data　link　is　those　parts　of　two　data　terminal　equipments　that　are　controlled　by　a　protocol　along　with　the(71) data　circuit,　which　together　enable　data(72).　So-called　protocol　means,　in　short,　a　set　of　rules　that　determines　the　behavior.　of　functional　units　in　achieving　communication.Data　circuit,　however,　consists　of　a　pair　of(73) transmission　channels　that　provides　a　means　of　two-way　data　transmission.　Between　data　switching　exchanges,　the　data　circuit　may　or　may　not　include　data　circuit-terminating　equipment (DCE),　depending　on　the　type　of(74) used　at　the　data　switching　exchange.　Between　a　data　station　and　a　data　switching　exchange　or　data　concentrator,　the　data　circuit　includes　the　DCE　at　the　data　station　end,　and　may　include　equipment(75) to　a　DCE　at　the　data　switching　exchange　or　dam　concentrator　location.

(97)

(95)

(93)

(94)

(92)

Calculator　is(66) for　performing　arithmetic　operations,　but　that　requires　human　intervention　to　alter　its　stored　program,　if　any,　and　to　initiate　each　operation　or　sequence　of　operations.　A　calculator　performs　some　of　the　functions　of　a　computer,　but　usually　operates　only　with　frequent　human　intervention.Microcomputer's　processing　unit　consists　of　one　or　more　microprocessors,　and　includes　storage　and　input-output(67).　Personal　computer　primarily　intended　for(68) use　by　an　individual.(69) computer　can　be　hand-carried　for　use　in　more　than　one　location.　Minicomputer　is　functionally　intermediate　between　a　microcomputer　and　a　mainframe.　And　supercomputer　has　the　highest　processing　speeds　available　at　a　given　time　for(70)　scientific　and　engineering　problems.