在范围定义的工具和技术中,（ ）通过产品分解、系统分析、价值工程等技术厘清产品范围, 并把对产品的要求转化成项目的要求。

The key benefit of（ ）is that it provides guidance and direction on how the project costs will be managed throughout the project.

For anyinformation system to serve its purpose ，the ihformation must be（ ）when it ìs needed.

（ ）is a project management technique for measuring project performance progress.It has the ability to combine measurements of the project management triangle: scope,time and costs.

（ ）The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provide's applications running on a c1oud infrastructure.The applications are accessible from various client devices through either a thin client interface, such as a web browser (e.g.,web-based E-mai1),or a program interface.

（ ） refers to the application of the Internet and other information techno1ogy in conventiona1 industries. It is an incomplete equation where various Internets (mobi1e Internet ，cloud computing ，big data or Internet of Things)can be added to other fields， fostering new industries and business development.

通过招标过程确定中标人后,实施合同内的合同价款应为（ ）。

（ ）不属于知识产权的基本特征。

某项目承包者预计该项目有0.5的概率获利200000美元,0.3的概率亏损50000美元,还有0.2的概率维持平衡.该项目的期望货币价值为（ ）美元。

风险预测从两个方面来评估风险,即（ ）和风险发生可能带来的后果。

项目面临的各种风险中,（ ）对客户的影响最为深远。