项目论证是确定项目是否实施的依据，（1）不属于项目建设方项目论证的原则。（2）不属于项目建设方项目论证的内容。

A milestone is a significant () in a project.

In project management , a (1) is a listing of a project’s milestones, activities, and deliverables, usually with intended start and finish dates. Those items are often estimated in terms of resource (2) ,budget and duration, linked by dependencies and scheduled events.

Circuit-switching technology is used in Publish Switched Telephone Network(PSTN), Global System for Mobile Communications(GSM) and code Division Multiple Access (CMDA) .It is a ( ) information transfer mode.

Information theory is related to the quantification of information. This was developed by Claude E. Shannon to who found fundamental limits on ( ) operations such as compressing data and on reliably storing and communicating data.

以下各项中，（）不属于知识产权。

某项目的项目经理在进行项目范围变更时,在对项目的技术和管理文件做了必要的修改后，他下一步应该（）。

依据项目变更管理流程，项目中的正式变更手续应该由（）来进行审批。

项目范围管理过程包括：范围计划、（）、创建WBS、范围确认、范围控制5个主要过程。

对变更效果的评估是变更管理中非常重要的一环。（）不属于变更效果评估的内容。

项目发生变更在所难免，但项目经理应让项目干系人（特别是业主）认识到（）