2017年4月全国自主考试英语阅读(一)真题及答案

(67)

(66)

(65)

(64)

It isn't always easy to forgive someone who has wrongfully harmed us. (63)In fast,we are often very reluctant to forgive. Simon Wiesenthal's book, The Sunflower, presents an interesting case study that illustrates this point...

What accounts for our reluctance to forgive? Probably a number of factors, but here I want to focus on the factor of self-respect (64)Any person who wrongfully harms another fails to show sufficient respect for the person he has harmed. Implicit in the act of wrongdoing, then, is the claim that the victim does not deserve a full measure of respect. (65)I think many of us believe that if we forgive an offender who is guilty of serious, serious against us (especially an unrepentant offender). we are essentially agreeing with the claim that we do not deserve a full measure of respect. In effect, we are saying That's OK -it doesn't matter that you mistreated me. I'm not that important." If this is the case, then our reluctance to forgive may be the result of a healthy desire to maintain our own self-respect.

(66)Although the desire to maintain our self-respect is certainly important to honor, I believe that it need not lead to a refusal to forgives. In fact l believe that if we truly respect ourselves, we will work through a process of responding to the wrong, and this process will lead to genuine forgiveness of the offender. (67)If we attempt to forgive the offender before we do this work, sour forgiveness may well be incompatible with our self-respect. However, once this process is complete, it will be fully appropriate for the self-respecting individual to forgive the offender.

(From Forgiveness and Self-respect)

 (63)

What effects did the curfews bring about in New Orleans and Dallas?

(60)

Why are curfews established for teenagers?

(58)

(59)

(57)

(56)

(55)

(54)

(53)

(52)

American TV and movies once gave a tough and brutal picture of the American police, though now there are TV series which have cops as heroes and defenders of society. The police are (51)__ for the good publicity and

their new image, especially in cities where there are back ghettos. White policemen are now careful of how they speak and (52)__towards their fellow black citizens.

The, cop, or ordinary policeman, is a city or a State employee. He cannot (53)__anyone outside his city or his State.

Since the (54)__of criminals are armed, American cops have to use their guns more often than most policemen in other places and the car chases through the crowded streets of Manhattan, which are a favorite feature of gangster movies, are mot so exaggerated. American cops get shot down, run over, stabbed, beaten up, and their wives are in (55)__fear that one day their men will not come home.

Many policemen do a lot to help children whose parents are criminals. They understand better than most citizens the awful (56)__of the ghettos. They feel sorry for the drug addicts, but often treat roughly the "pushers" who sell the drugs- -when they can catch them. They have been (57)__of making no serious attempt to break up the various drug rings. They claim that such a task would be never-ending.

In big cities, the Police Commissioner (Head of the Force) is often (58)__ by Mayor and therefore senior police offices tend to be too closely linked to (59)__ Their ambitions sometimes tempt them to turn a (60)__eye or to accept bribes, which lowers the morale of the ordinary cop. The structure of the many different American police forces is said to be the most varied in the whole world.

(From The Police and the Intelligence Agents)

 （51）

(precise) These instruments are capable of very high ______

(conclusion) The jury______from the evidence that the defendant was innocent.

(friend)They quarreled once, but they are quite______now.

(likely) When you choose your partners, you increase the______of success.

(approve) They'll create the full design of the book and send it to you for feedback and ______

(fit)______will help you stay in shape and enjoy your retirement as well.

(explain) Jack didn’t give a very adequate______for being late.

(pleasure) A friend of mine who taught in that country spoke with______,about her terrible experience.

(40)

(deep) The project would______the river from 40 to 45 feet, to allow for larger ships.

(silent) He stood______, tears rolling down his cheeks, while the music played.

(37)

(39)

(38)

(35)

(34)

(36)

(33)

(32)

My father, Winston Churchill, began his love affair with painting in his 40s, amid disastrous circumstances, As First Lord of the Admiralty in 1915, he was deeply

(31)____  ,in the Dardanelles that could have shortened the course of a bloody world wart But when the mission failed, (32)____  , Churchill paid the price, both publicly and privately. He was removed from the Admiralty and effectively sidelined.

(33)____  ---"I thought he would die of grief," said his wife, Clementine he retired with his family to Hoe Farm, a county retreat in Surrey. There, as Churchill later recalll The muse of painting came to my rescue!".

(34)____ , he chanced upon his sister-in-law sketching with watercolors. He watched her for a few minutes, then borrowed her brush and tried his hand. The muse had cast her spell!

...

In painting, Churchill had discovered a companion with whom he was (35)____ that remained to him. After the war, painting would offer deep solace when, in 1921, the death of the mother was followed two months later by the loss of his and Clementine's beloved the-year-old daughter, Marigold Battered by grief, Winston took refuge at the home of friends in Scotland, (36)______ He wrote to Clementine, "I went out and painted a beautiful river in the afternoon light with crimson and golden hills in the background Alas,I keep feeling the hurt of the Duckadilly (Marigold's pet name).".

Historians have called the decade after 1929, (37)____ ,and Winston was out of office, his wildemess years. Politically he may have been wandering in barren places, a lonely fighter trying to (38)   but artistically that wildemess bore abundant fruit, During these years he often painted in the South of France. Of the 500-odd canvases extant, roughly 250 date from 1930to 1939.

(39)____ to the end of his life. "Happy are the painters," he had written in his book Painting as a Pastime, "for they shall not be lonely. Light and color, peace and hope, will(40)____ to the end of the day." And so it was for my father.

(From Winston Churchill: His Other Life)

[A] Wandering in the garden one day

[B] Painting remained a joy to Churchill

[C] Delighted with this distraction from his dark broodings

[D] Overwhelmed by the catastrophe

[E] awaken Britain to the menace of Hitler

[F] involved in a campaign

[G] keep them company

[H] to walk for the greater part of the years

[I] finding comfort in his painting

[J] when the Conservative government fell

[K] with great loss of life

[L] Churchill soon decided to experiment with oils

 （31）

According to Anderson, a usual early bedtime can have positive influence on children's______

Which is the proper title for this passage?

BMI is a way of measuring ______

A preschooler is most likely to become obese later in life if he ______

Passage 6

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Getting a good night's sleep tonight could guard children against weight gain in the future. According to a new study, putting preschoolers in bed by 8 p.m. could reduce their chances of becoming overweight or obese (肥胖的) later in life by half. Preschoolers are children around the age of 4 or 5.

The term "obese" refers to calculations of your Body Mass Index, what doctors call BMI. They use a person's height, weight and age to assess their amount of body fat BMIs help tell whether a person is underweight, normal, overweight or obese The World Health Organization says obesity can lead to serious long-term health problems like diabetes (糖尿病) heart disease and stroke.

Researchers from the Ohio State University's College of Public Health have found that young children who go to bed after 9 pm. are twice as likely to be obese later in life. The lead author of the study is Sarah Anderson She is an associate professor of epidemiology (流行病学) She studies how diseases spread and how they can be control Anderson says that, for parents, the results of the study support the importance of creating a bedtime routine. She says that having a usual bedtime routine is something "families can do to lower their child's risk" of becoming overweight.

What does "Cesar fasted many times" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

Which can best sum up Cesar as a well-known figure?

Passage 5

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

The story of Cesar Estrada Chavez begins near Yuma, Arizona. He leaned about justice or rather injustice early in his life Cesar grew up in Arizona; in 1938 he and his family moved to California. He did not like school as a child, probably because at home he spoke only Spanish which was forbidden in school. He felt that education had nothing to do with his migrant (迁移的) way of life. In 1942 be graduated from the eighth grade, and became a migrant farm worker.

He joined the U.S. Navy in 1946, and served for two years. Cesar returned to San Jose where he met and was influenced by Father Donald McDonell. They talked about fum workers and strikes. Cesar began reading about SL Francis and Gandhi and nonviolence. After Father McDonnell came another very influential person, Fred Ross Cesar became an organizer for Ross'_ organization, the Community Service Organization (CSO). His first task was voter registration.

In 1962 Cesar founded the National Farm Workers Association, later to become the United Farm Workers (UFW),. By 1970 the UFW got grape growers to accept union contracts and had effectively organized most of that industry. The farm workers and supporters carried banners with the back eagle, with HUELGA (strike) and VIVA LA CAUSA (Long live our cause). The marchers wanted the state government to pass laws which would permit farm workers to organize into a union and allow collective bargaining agreements. Cesar made people aware of the struggles of farm workers for better pay and safer working conditions. He succeeded through nonviolent tactics.

Cesar Chavez and the union sought recognition of the importance and dignity of all farm workers Cesar was willing to sacrifice his own life so that the union would continue and that violence was not used.[ Cesar fasted many times. ]In 1968 Cesar fasted for 10 days. He repeated the fast in 1972 for 24 days, and again in 1988 for 36 days. Cesar was able to use the hunger strikes to move legislators to change the laws to improve the lives of farm workers Because of Cesar's actions, be was jailed many times. What motivated him to do this? He said, "Farm workers are worried that we cannot win without violence, We can win and keep our own self-respect and build a great union that will secure the spirit of all people if we do it through a rededication and recommitment to the struggle for justice through nonviolence."

When did Cesar found the National Farm Workers Association?

Cesar dedicated all his life to the benefits of farm workers, especially by ______

To make curfews more effective, parents had better ______

With a curfew in Dallas, the overall rates of juvenile crime were reported to fall______

What does the author think of curfews?

Passage4

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the. following passage.

The teenage years of an individual is marked by evaluating one's values, experiencing a shift in outlooks, and a tendency to act rebelliously. It can also be a time when someone becomes excessively vulnerable to negative influences and inclined towards dangerous situations. On the other band, for parents the period of their children's adolescence means regular worrying about their safety and formation as a citizen. Thus, a method of ensuring teenager’s security is needed, andcurfews are often seem as such a measure, since they have proved their efficiency. At the same time, certain peculiarities exist about establishing curfews for children.

The first and foremost reason for establishing curfews is children's security. Typical curfews require that teenagers under 17 years stay out of streets starting from 11pm or midnight. This is believed to protect them from crimes committed after nightfall, as well as from violating the law, and there exists serious evidence in favor of this conviction For example, when New Orleans enabled a dusk-till-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates of juvenile (青少年的) crime were reported to fall more than 20 percent. Even more impressive results were recorded in Dallas, which reported a 30 percent decrease in violent juvenile crime, and a 21 percent decrease in the overall rates of crimes committed by young people.

On the other hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure which infringes on (侵害) the rights of young people, limiting their freedom This thesis is particularly supported by the fact that curfew violations and the respective charges are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United States. In addition, there were reports claiming that police arrested more non-white teenagers for curfew violations, All this can cause a teenager to believe that they have crossed a psychological line dividing them as criminals; thus, such teenagers may start to see themselves as outlaws, which can contribute to committing more serious crimes than a curfew offense.

What is important for a parent to remember when establishing a curfew for their kids is that a teenager's misjudged perception of certain rules may cause them to react differently, or misbehave in some other way, this is proved by research conducted by the University of Minnesota, according to which teens tend to react angrily against what they see as unfair. Considering this, parents should avoid the authoritarian (独立专行的) style of establishing curfews; instead, they should have a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding best conditions for a curfew that would satisfy both sides. Also, flexible curfews with teens’ interests in mind tend to be more effective than rigid agreements.

The author thinks that teenagers as a particular group can be ______

What does the word "curfew" mean in the passage?

It is quite clear in the last paragraph that ______

The City of Melton put more emphasis on international relationships so that it could______

We can lean from what Ms. Ramsey said when receiving the award that______

How many cities does the UNESCO publication study as examples of learning cities?

Passage3

Questions 11 to 15 are bused on the following passage.

The City of Melton has been awarded the UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) Leaning City Award at UNESCO's 2nd International Conference on Learning Cities hosted by Mexico in September, 2015. The award was given in recognition of the City of Melton's efforts to develop a leaning city and implement the UNESCO Key Features of Learning Cities through its Community Learning Plan Melton City Council Mayo, Ms. Sophie Ramsey was proud to accept the ward on behalf of the City of Melton. "'It is a huge honor to receive the UNESCO Learning City Award and the fact that the City of Melon was selected as one of the case studies along with much larger cities such as Beijing, is evidence of the innovative work being done in Melton," the Mayor said.

The UNESCO Institute of Lifelong Learning launched is publication, "Unlocking the Potential of Urban Communities: Case Studies of Twelve Learning Cities" at the conference. The first-of its -kind publication highlights

examples of cites from all over the world that use the learning city approach to enhance citizens' individual empowerment (权力) , social combination, economic development, cultural prosperity and sustainable development.

What docs the author suggest a sick person do in the Sahara?

Storms of wind in the Sahara______

What can we learn about the oases in the Sahara?

In 1805, a caravan of many people traveling in the Sahara died of______

The writer of this passage expects the stamp to show Flannery O'Connor’s ______

What does the phrase "an automatic illustrative equation" refer to?

Passage2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.

It is difficult to form a correct idea of a desert without having seen one. It is a vast plain of stands and stones, with mountains here and there of various sizes and heights, without roads or shelters. They sometimes have springs of water. The most remarkable of deserts is the Sahara. This is a vast plain, but title elevated above the level of the ocean, and covered with sand and gavel (砂砾）, with a mixture of sea shells.

Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

Recently a new postage stamp has been issued 10 honor Flannery O'Connor and her great contributions to American Literature, The stamp costs 93 cents and has a pretty picture of the writer herself on it. She wears a simple top with a jewel neckline, and pears Her pink porcelain face, framed in a 1940s hairstyle, glows with the barest hint of a how do you do smile.

This stamp does not, to my eyes, show Flannery O'Connor, the 20th-century master of the short story, the "hermit (隐士) novelist" who fused her art and life as a Southerner and a Roman Catholic with stories that are shocking hilarious (令人发笑的) and often bloody the one who lived with her mother in Georgia and raised pheasants (维鸡), who got sick and died young in 1964, who gazed at the sin-stricken world through cat eye glasses that are as much her visual signature as Hemingway's beard or Frida's eyebrow.

This stamp shows the artist as a very young woman, barely 20 years old. It's based on a photo of her a an undergraduate at Georgia State College for Women. Her works then amounted to cartoons and stories for the college magazine.

The United States Postal Service gave this job to an art director, who hired a freelance artist. I spoke with both of them, and learned that neither knew much about O'Connor, but they did their best with the images they had. The artist told me be had read one of her novels in college. He knew O'Connor had raised pheasants, so be framed her with feathers. The art director remembered that her work was "unsettling," and that she was a Catholic.

I can't blame either of them for deciding on this striking portrait as the best fit for their tiny canvas, but I wish they and the Postal Service had produced a stamp that was more recognizably the grown-up Flannery, and contained some taste of her strange and noble artistic vision.

I know she does not presentan automatic illustrative equation, like mustache + steamboat - Mark Twain, But a better choice would be a painting made by the author herself, a self-portrait from 1953. She is wearing a yellow straw hat, holding a devilish-looking pheasant and looking straight at you, harmful and brilliant, as if she could smell your stupidity. It is gorgeous and rough and honest and perfect.

 It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that Flannery O'Connor______

The stamp could have been more satisfactory if the designers had______

The stamp shows that Flannery O'Connor______