外刊经贸知识选读2010年7月真题试题及答案解析（00096）

The contribution of agriculture to China’s financial revenue has remained quite stable over the past three decades.

Interest in imports from China is high. The Chinese consulate’s commercial section in Dubai reported a continual stream of visitors in the run-up to the exhibition from companies wanting to do business for the first time with China. More than 4,000 Chinese traders visited the emirates on government and private missions last year. As a result of this activity, China’s exports to the UAE have almost doubled from $279.5 million in 1990 to $522.7 million in 1992, according to Chinese government statistics. Dubai’s statistics show that China was the fifth largest supplier in 1990.

分值分配Interest in imports from China is high.(1分)

The Chinese consulate’s commercial section in Dubai(1分)

reported a continual stream of visitors in the run-up to the exhibition from companies wanting to do business for the first time with China.(3分)

More than 4,000 Chinese traders visited the emirates on government and private missions last year.(2分)

As a result of this activity,(1分)

China’s exports to the UAE have almost doubled from $279.5 million in 1990 to $522.7 million in 1992, according to Chinese government statistics.(2分)

Dubai’s statistics show that China was the fifth largest supplier in 1990.(2分)

One major characteristic of China’s industrialization is the development of manufacturing business.

China’s productivity mainly resulted from the transfer of labor forces to farming sectors.

The two factors that will limit China’s future growth are the industrialization process and the slowdown in labor supply.

When Cisco Systems buys another company, its primary focus is on its customers.

Passage 2

In the eyes of economists, economic growth is a phenomenon about population. First, the accumulation of capital needed to support growth comes from citizens’ saving tendencies. A labor-intensive economy has more deposit capacity than an ageing society. Secondly, economic growth relies on the growth of labor forces, especially young laborers. Sustained growth also depends on education standards.In China, labor forces are mainly outsourced from rural areas. In the past 25 years, some 160 million rural laborers have quit traditional farming and found employment in cities or non-farming sectors.Although agriculture still employs more than 60 per cent of China’s population, its share in the country’s financial revenue has declined to less than 15 per cent, dropping from 40 per cent or so in late 1970s. This also shows that China’s growth is mainly based on an industrialization course featuring expansion of the manufacturing sector.Continuous supply of labor forces has improved China’s private saving capability substantially, which means surplus income that can be reinvested to fuel economic growth.The importance of labor supply in China’s growth dynamics means it is necessary to review the way China’s population increases.After years of decline, China’s birth rate is now equivalent to that of other emerging East Asian economies. The low birth rate in the country is mainly a result of the family planning policy initiated in the late 1970s.Some scholars have estimated China will see zero growth in young laborers in 2015. Some have also projected that by 2030, 20 per cent of China’s population will be over 60-years-old, compared to 8 per cent now, and the number of pensioners will be more than 40 per cent of the number of working people.

This passage mainly talks about the importance of labor supply in China’s economic growth.

The reason why 50 percent of large-scale mergers fail is just that the companies do not let their shareholders, customers, employees and business partners make decisions.

In order to compete with other companies, Cisco is forced to go into the next round of mergers.

The word “competition” in this passage means “rivals”.

Passage 1

John T. Chambers, Chief Executive of Cisco Systems, talks about the merger of Cisco with a larger company:A merger of equals had a lot of appeal. If you combine the Number 1 and Number 2 players in an industry, by definition you’re Number 1 in terms of size. By combining two companies with good management teams, you automatically build up the strength of your management. You can also widen your customer base and have more distribution channels.In addition, the merger automatically makes your remaining competition second level. As a result, your competition must rethink its strategy. In the end, you force a period of mergers and acquisitions on your competition.When we looked more closely, our concerns were raised. For example, 50 percent of large-scale mergers fail. Mergers can fail on a number of levels. They can fail in terms of their benefit to the shareholders, customers, employees and business partners. A decision has to be right with each of those groups, or we would not go forward with it.If you merge two companies that are growing at 80 percent rates, you stand a very good chance of stopping both of them. That’s a fact. For a period of time, no matter how smoothly they operate, you lose momentum.Our industry is not like the banking industry, where you are acquiring branch banks and customers. In our industry, you are acquiring people. And if you don’t keep those people, you have made a terrible, terrible investment. We pay between $500,000 and $2 million per person in an acquisition. So you can understand that if you don’t keep the people, you’ve done a tremendous disservice to your shareholders. So we focus first on the people and how we incorporate them into our company, and then we focus on how to drive the business.

The passage talks about the benefits and problems after a merger of companies.

Passage 2

Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk appears (tactical), intended to pressure trading partners into offering concession and to unblock stalled negotiations on several fronts. But it appears that officials are prepared to turn up the temperature on trade—and live with the consequences.In some ways, Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the same well-trod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for U.S. companies. The same political pressures from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are now bearing down on the Clinton team.

39、“Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk” is described as being“tactical” in the text. What is the implication of tactical in the given context?

40、What did the Clinton administration have in common with the Bushadministration in their attitude toward the EU?

41、Why did America refuse to sign a GATT agreement as mentioned in the second passage?

Passage 1

In 1991, for the second year (in a row), the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually (stagnated), as measured by an increase in per capita gross domestic product (GDP). (Aggregate) output for developing countries advanced by slightly less than 2 per cent during 1991 (similar to the weak performance of 1990), implying an easing in per capita income of 0.1 per cent.Aggregate statistics for 1991 were influenced by the sharp decline in output in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as by the adverse effects of the Gulf crisis on several economies in the Middle East. Excluding Central and Eastern Europe, growth in developing countries in 1991 was 3.4 per cent, compared with 3.8 per cent during the 1980s. Estimates of GDP growth by major (geographic) region show an acceleration in Latin America and in sub-Saharan Africa; an increase in China’s growth rate helped to sustain high rates of growth in the East Asia region.

36、What do “in a row”, “stagnate” and “aggregate” mean in the first paragraph?

37、What kind of influence did the Gulf crisis have on the Middle East economy?

38、What does the report mean to emphasize using the word “geographic”?

生产力

合资企业

技术转让

特别提款权

证券投资

利息付款

供应过剩

清算协议

consumer goods

服务贸易

战略性储备

hard currency

OPEC

intellectual property

free trade

bilateral pacts

capital market

foreign-exchange reserves

International not-for-profit trade association with 50 corporate members resided in 20 countries who produce 95 percent of the world supply of (synthetic)rubber.

market share

raw material

That market alone (accounted for) half of the volume and 40 per cent of the value of the total U.S. exports of shell eggs for food use.

Big companies understand the importance of (brands).

Dubai is making progress in its efforts to promote international (awareness) of its attractions.

Smoking is strictly (prohibited) in the process of handling explosive materials.

Security Council members confirm support for African efforts to (settle) conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea.

Exports of Japanese machinery (withstood) the downturn quite well because the Asian economies that buy them continued to boom.

Email scripts (intrude) on a computer without one’s knowledge.

The world’s second largest economy, Japan, has been (languishing) for nearly a decade, after the boom of the early 1980s collapsed.

The museum stored all (frangible) articles in a locked showcase.

The US asks the World Trade Organization to limit trade (sanctions) to $1bn instead of the $4bn sanctions the EU wants to impose.

Many countries in the region were adversely (affected) by declines in workers’remittances and tourism revenues.

China is (reaping) the rewards of reforms first launched by Deng Xiaoping in 1979.

The original ban on private trading had long since been (given up).

(Goods) are produced according to sample provided by the customer.