与线路交换相比，分组交换最大的优点是(11)，最大的缺点是(12)。设待传送数据总长度为L位分组长度为P位，其中头部开销长度为H位，源节点到目的节点之间的链路数为h，每个键路上的延迟时间为D秒，数据传输率为B bit/s，线路交换和虚电路建立连接的时间都为Ss，在分组交换方式下每个中间节点产生d bit的延迟时间，则传送所有数据，线路交换需时间为(13)s，虚电路分组交换所需时间为(14)s，数据报分组交换所需时间为(15)s。([X]表示对X向上取整)

(159)

(158)

(157)

For each blank, choose the best answer from the four choices and write down on the answer sheet.

(71)is a one-way function that takes an arbitrarily long piece of plaintext and from it computes a fixed-length bit string.

(72)is a protocol that most USENET machines now use it to allow news articles to propagate from one machine to another over a reliable connection.

(73)is an approach preferred by cable TV providers. In this solution the fiber terminates at an optoelectrical converter and the final segment is a shared coaxial cable.

(74)is a device used to connect two separate network that use different communication protocol.

(75)is a digital-to-digital polar encoding method in which the signal level is always either positive or negative.

(156)

(153)

(154)

(152)

帧中继网的虚电路建立在()

(151)