ICMP协议属于TCP/IP网络中的(6)协议，ICMP报文封装在(7)协议数据单元中传送，在网络中起着控制差错和拥塞的作用。ICMP有13种报文，常用的ping程序中使用了(8)报文，以探测目标主机是否可以到达。如果在IP数据报传送过程中，发现生命期(TTL)字段为零，则路由器发出(9)报文。如果网络中出现拥塞，则路由器产生一个(10)报文。

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VRML is a(71)for 3D multimedia and shared virtual worlds on the WWW. In comparison to HTML, VRML adds the next level of interaction, structured graphics, and extra(72)(z and time)to the presentation of documents. The applications of VRML are(73), ranging from simple business graphics to entertaining WWW page graphics, manufacturing, scientific, entertainment, and educational applications, and 3D shared virtual worlds and communities.

 X3D is the name under which the development of VRML is continued. X3D is based on XML and is backwards(74)with VRML. Furthermore, it is componentized, profiled, and extensible, which makes it possible to use X3D in very different(75), from high-end visualizations to lightweight applications.

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Most IP layer-based proxy mechanisms, such as network address translation(NAT), only support uni-directional proxy, from the internal network to external network(the Internet). The proxy establishes the communication channel by(66)IP addresses. The IP addresses must be(67). These proxy mechanisms prevent applications that must establish return data channels from establishing their data channels, such as, multimedia applications. IP layer-based proxy mechanisms need additional software(68)for each application that uses(69)channels. SOCKS identifies communication targets through domain names, overcoming the restriction of using private IP addresses. SOCKS can use domain names to establish communication between separate LANs, with(70)IP addresses.