In the 1950s and 1960s, the Russian methodological principles were" three-centered":( )centered, teacher-centered and textbook-centered.

Does it always matter if the "real world" is not being practised in the classroom? Why or why not?

Comment on the four principles of cognitivism formulated by Diller.

Do you think the Direct Method could be used by all foreign language teachers at all levels? Why or why not?

What are the four points summarized by Tang Lixing on the methodological development before the 1980s in China?

How do you interpret the idea of "communicating in English"in your case, as a learner of English?

What are the procedures followed in a Cognitive Approach classroom?

Column A:

①the theory of language underlying the communicative approach

②the theory of learning underlying the communicative approach

③one of the objectives of the communicative approach

④one of the techniques of the communicative approach

⑤Some of the main features of the communicative approach

Column B:

a. language best learned through use in social context

b. to develop the students'communicative competence

c. role play

d.functional linguistics

e. the introduction of authentic texts into the learning situation

What are the main trends of applied linguistic research in the present period?

What are the merits and limitations of the Total Physical Response?

Column A: techniques used in the Natural Approach

①personal charts and tables

②open dialogues

③ problem solving

④ games

⑤individual reports and presentations

Column B: the purpose

a. to help the students to use the target language to work out problems

b. to involve the students' ideas and reactions

c. to involve the students in giving information about themselves

d.to involve the students in learning something new through the target language

e. to involve the students in using the language to play