The invention of steam-powered boats gave the verb sail an opportunity to extend its meaning to boats without sails. This example indicates that the meaning or semantic representation of words may become broader.

Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English.

Explain syntactic movement, NP-movement and WH-movement with examples.

slang

instrumental motivation

case condition

fricative

intrapersonal communication

clipping

formal instruction

linguistic relativism