Nations are commonly classified into groups that indicate their economic strengths and weakness as well as their stage of development.Industrial or developed nations are those which have achieved substantial manufacturing and service capability in addition to advanced techniques in agriculture and raw material extraction.

B. Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

中国人民之所以要进行百年不屈不挠的斗争，之所以要实行一次又一次的伟大变革，实现国家的繁荣富强；之所以要加强民族团结，完成祖国统一大业；之所以要促进世界和平与发展的崇高事业，归根到底就是为了一个目标：实现中华民族的伟大复兴，争取对人类做出新的更大的贡献。

A. Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

The central government has taken the unprecedented step of giving children across the country special lesson on their first day of school—how to survive natural disasters. This comes in the wake of the devastating Sichuan earthquake in May, 2008, which left 88,000 people dead or missing. In response, Beijing ordered China Central Television to produce program to teach students how to survive during emergencies.

The First Lesson of the Beginning of the School Term, will be aired on CCTV tonight and is required viewing for all mainland school students. The Ministry of Education has also instructed all primary and secondary schools to implement each safety measure presented in the programme and to plan for any contingency. “After the school term opens, schools have to focus on carrying out safety education and safety drills,” the ministry said.

太阳的光在经过地球的大气层时会受到温度变化和空气中小颗粒的影响。与我们通常的 想法相悖的是，阳光并非总是以直线传播。

最令人怵目惊心的一件事，是看着钟表上的秒针一下一下地移动，每移动一下就是表示我们的寿命已经缩短了一部分。再看看墙上挂着的可以一张一张撕下的日历，每天撕下一张就表示我们的寿命又缩短了一天。

“中国并不缺大学，在高等教育毛入学率不断攀升的今天也不缺大学生，缺的是世界一流大学和一流的人才。”他说，“高等学历人才培养的趋同，是我国高等教育发展的明显弊端。”

我们知道慢性疼痛可以扰乱一个人的生活，导致延误工作到抑郁之类的问题。这就是为什么越来越多的医院现在都依赖专门研究之统疗法的内科医生。

B. Translate the following underlined sentences into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

同国民经济发展幅度相比，中国的社会保障事业以及社会转移支付表现出一种明显滞后的情形。在这种情况下，农民、城镇的退休人员及其亲最有可能成为贫困者，从而使整个社会的贫富差距拉大。

London is bigger, dirtier and more crowded than one would imagine from the descriptions in many magazines and books.It has around 8 million inhabitants and sprawls over a huge area, mostly of suburbs where tourists seldom go.

I shared my news with close friends, who affirmed the view that HIV should define me.But the thought of telling my family, particularly my beloved mother, tore me up inside.

A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly.Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even if government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not.