Passage 4

 When I first considered becoming college professor, tenure was not an attraction or even an issue. was drawn to the profession by the work and the environment. Even after earning a Ph. D. spending time working in Washington D. C., and finally getting my first teaching job in public administration, I was not particularly concerned with tenure. now work at a regional institution that requires an attainable balance between teaching, research, and service. I have always been a hard worker and see no reason to stop.

 But my vision of tenure has changed, do not want to always be the same kind of professor I am now. Now, I am working on articles, course preparations, learning the details of the curriculum so I can advise students, and building institutional knowledge by serving on university committees. Today, my productivity is high and I focus on "collecting beans", tomorrow, I would like to focus on quality.

 Whether tenure can give me the opportunity to focus on quality is questionable, but the idea of longevity is concept that seems to have broad acceptance in most professions. My friends who became lawyers and accountants spend their time talking about becoming partners; medical doctors talk about establishing a practice; civil servants are protected by the merit system. The professionals in these fields serve probationary period(试用期) and demonstrate competence to attain certain level of freedom in their fields. After that, we expect that their professionalism can be used to serve society.

Be very wary of opinions that flatter your self-esteem. (63)Both men and women, nine times out of ten, are firmly convinced of the superior excellence of their own sex.There is abundant evidence on both sides. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can retort that so are most criminals. (64)The question is inherently insoluble, but self-esteem conceals this from most people.We are all, whatever part of the world we come from, persuaded that our own nation is superior to all others. (65)Seeing that each nation has its characteristic merits and demerits, we adjust our standard of values so as to make out that the merits possessed by our nation are the really important ones, while its demerits are comparatively trivial.(66)Here, again, the rational man will admit that the question is one to which there is no demonstrably right answer.It is more difficult to deal with the self-esteem of man as man, because we cannot argue out the matter with some nonhuman minD。 (67)The only way I know of dealing with this general human conceit is to remind ourselves that man is brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little corner of the universe, and that for aught we know, other parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to ourselves as we are to jellyfish

According to the passage, labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have, what does it include?

Passage 4

 If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies like the graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.

 That's especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell's School of an of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor's degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.

 But in the long run, too much specialization doesn't pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.

 As further evidence of the erosion of corporate faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State's Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices. Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management. "They want who isn't constrained by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture, "says Scheetz. like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an g degree. "I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than- says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strictes literature, history, mathematics, economics science, human behavior-plus two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize. "A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the market place,“says Scheetz.

According to the passage, what does "liberal-arts" mean?

Through know educate  take hold with  of proportionate

scholar claim international spoken require

 For about a thousand years-from about the fifth century(51)( ) the fifteenth Latin was the second language of educated people all over Europe and all (52)( ) works were written in Latin. For, before the invention of the printing press, reading and writing were skills (53)( )

 only to scholars. Most of the scholars were priests and clergymen, and Latin was the language of the church. Latin was a subject(54)( ) in schools and in colleges, and all(55)( ) people had some familiarity(56)( ) it.

 The number of people who study Latin has not grown smaller, but(57)( ) it has become very much smaller. As ordinary people all over the world began to be able to read and write their own languages, and as scientific work of the sixteenth and later centuries came more and more to be written in living languages, a knowledge of Latin was not so essential. Thus, although Latin might once have been(58)( ) as the most suitable of possible international languages(at least for Europeans), this time has definitely passed.

 The earliest attempts to invent a simplified language for(59)( ) use came in the seventeenth century, but it was not until the late nineteenth century that any sizable group of people did actually attempt to speak and write an artificial language. Esperanto, which was published in 1887, was the first language really to (60)( ) At one time or another, as many as eight million people have learned Esperanto. It has been taught in great many schools and colleges in Europe, and the study of Esperanto was even made compulsory in some high schools in Germany.

(advantage) She argued that social( ) such as lacking a good living condition or a good standard of education, are major causes of crime.

(memory) An actor must be able to( ) his lines.

(essence) She has added a few characters and changed some names but this is a true story.

(able) This bird's large wings( ) it to fly very fast.

(accurate) Computers are used to perform. a wide variety of activities with reliability,( ) , and speed.

(create) She's very( ) ; she writes and paints.