根据以下资料，回答下列各题：

One of the many pleasures of watching Mad Men，a television drama about the advertising industry in the early 1960s，is examining the ways in which office life has changed over the years．One obvious change makes people feel good about themselves：they no longer treat women as second—class citizens．But the other obvious change makes them feel a bit more uneasy：they have lost the art of enjoying themselves at work．

The ad—men in those days eaioyed simple pleasures．They puffed away at their desks．They drank throughout the day．They had affairs with their colleagues．They socialised not in order to bond，but in order to get drunk．Nowadays many companies are obsessed with fun． Software firms in Silicon Valley have installed rock—climbing walls in their reception areas and put inflatable animals in their offices．Wal-Mart orders its cashiers to smile at all and sundry． The cult of fun has spread like some disgusting haemorrhagic disease．

This cult of fun is driven by three of the most popular management fads of the moment： empowerment．engagement and creativity．Many companies pride themselves on devolving

power to front-line workers．But surveys show that only 20％of workers are“fully engaged with their．iob”．Even fewer are creative．Managers hope that“fun”will magically make workers more engaged and creative．But the problem is that as soon as fun becomes part of a corporate strategy it ceases to be fun and becomes its opposite-at best an empty shell and at worst a tiresome imposition．

The most unpleasant thing about the fashion for fun is that it is mixed with a large dose of Dressure．Boston Pizza encourages workers to send“golden bananas”to colleagues who are“having fun while being the best”．Behind the“fun”there often lurks some crude management thinking：a desire to brand the company as better than its rivals，or a plan to boost productivity through team．building．Twitter even boasts that it has“worked hard to create an environment that spawns productMty and happiness”．

While imposing fake fun on their employees，companies are battling against the real thing．Many force smokers to huddle outside like furtive criminals．Few allow their employees to drink at lunch time，let alone earlier in the day．A regiment of busybodies--from lawyers to human resources functionaries-is waging war on office romance，particularly between people of different ranks．

The merchants of fake fun have met some resistance．When Wal—Mart tried to impose alien rules on its German staff-such as compulsory smiling and a ban on affairs with co-workers—it touched off a guerrilla war that ended only when the supermarket chain announced it was pulling out of Germany in 2006．But such victories are rare．For most wage slaves forced to pretend they are having fun at work，the only relief is to poke fun at their tormentors．Mad Men reminds people of a world they have lost—a world where bosses did not think that“fun”was a management tool and where employees could happily quaff Scotch at noon．Cheers to that．

In the opening paragraph，the author introduces his topic by_____.

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根据以下资料，回答下列各题：

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese．Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points)

(46)Signs of American culture，ranging from fast food to Hollywood movies，can be seen around the world．But now anthropologists have discovered a far more troubling cultural export from the United States-stigma against fat people．

Negative perceptions about people who are overweight are becoming the cultural norm in many countries，according to a new report in the journal Current Anthropology．(47)Although some of the shift in thinking likely is explained by idealized slim body images promoted inAmerican advertising and Hollywood movies，the emergence of fat stigma around the world may also result from public health efforts to promote obesity as a disease and a worrisomethreat to a nation’s health．

Researchers from Arizona State University Dr．Brewis and her colleagues recently completed a multicountry study intended to give a snapshot of the international zeitgeist about weight and body image．(48)The researchers elicited answers of true or false to statementswith varying degrees of fat stigmatization．The fat stigma test included statements like，“People are overweight because they are lazy”and“Fat people are fated to be fat”．Usingmostly in person interviews，supplemented with questions posed over the Internet，they testedattitudes among 700 people in lo countries，territories and cities．

The findings were troubling．Dr．Brewis said she fully expected high levels of fat stigma toshow up in the“Anglosphere”countries，including the United States，England and NewZealand，as well as in body conscious Argentina．(49)But what she did not expect was how strongly people in the rest of the testing sites that have historically held more positive views of larger bodies，including Puerto Rico and American Samoa expressed negative attitudes about weight．The results，Dr．Brewis said，suggest a surprisingly rapid“globalization of fat stigma．”

To be sure，jokes and negative perceptions about weight have been around for ages．Butwhat appears to have changed most is the level of criticism and blame leveled at people who are overweight．(50)One reason may be that public health campaigns branding obesity as a disease are sometimes perceived as being critical of individuals rather than the environmental and social factors that lead to weight gain．“0f all the things we could be exporting to help people around the world，really negative body image and low self-esteem are not what we hope is going out with public health messaging．”Dr．Brewis said．

Dr．Brewis notes that far more study is needed to determine the extent of fat stigma and whether people were experiencing more social or workplace discrimination as a result of the growing fat stigma．“I think the next big question is whether it’s going to create a lot of new suffering where suffering didn’t exist before．”Dr．Brewis said．“I think it’s important that wethink about designing health messages around obesity that don’t exacerbate the problem．”

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Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following drawin9．．In your essay，

you should

1)describe the drawing briefly，

2)explain its intended meaning and then

3)suggest counter—measures．

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET．(20 points)

Directions：

Suppose that Jack，a friend of yours，has invited you to his birthday party，but you cannot go for some reasons．Write a letter to make an apology to him．

1)Give your suggestions，and explain the reasons，

2)Other recommendation．

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET．Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter．Use“Zhang Wei”instead．Do not write your address．(10 points)

根据以下资料，回答下列各题：In the following text，some sentences have been removed．For questions 41 45．choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks．There are two extra choices，which do not fit in any of the blanks．Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points)

It can be inferred from the passage that________．

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