材料：Coastal conditions The a

: It is concluded ________ that only the shipper and the carrier have the right to take action against one another under the contract of carriage．

A.is not usually the party who actually suffers the subsequent loss
B.is usually the party who actually suffers the subsequent loss
C.will still be the owner of the GOODs at the time when the loss or damage occurs
D.will be responsible for the loss of or damage to the cargo he shipped

: When GOODs are sold prior to shipment the risk in the GOODs passes ________．

: 材料：
The contract of carriage of GOODs by sea is usually concluded as between the shipper and the carrier，either directly or through their respective agents．
Consequently，by virtue of the historic principle of privity of contract，only the shipper and the carrier have the right to take action against one another under the contract of carriage．The only clear exception to the rule was where the party having the right to sue assigned that right under a separate agreement to another party．
On the other hand，when GOODs are sold（as they typically are）prior to shipment，the terms of sale generally result in the risk in the GOODs passing from the seller（the shipper）to the buyer（the consignee or endorsee，in the case of a bill of lading，or the party entitled to take delivery under a waybill）when the GOODs cross the ship's rail in the port of loading．
Therefore，although the law recognizes that the shipper alone has the right to sue the carrier in contract for subsequent cargo loss or damage occurring while the carrier had charge of the shipment，the shipper is not usually the party who actually suffers that loss．
Frequently，also，depending on the terms of sale，the shipper will no longer be the owner of the GOODs at the time when the loss or damage occurs，and so will be unable to sue the carrier in tort．
问题：
The contract of carriage of GOODs by sea is usually concluded as between ________．

A.mine is not a danger to surface navigation in Dover Strait
B.the width of Dover Strait is not so narrow
C.the natural conditions in Dover Strait are too serous
D.collision with deep-draught vessels or ferries or high speed craft in Dover Strait is hardly avoidable

A.although the tidal streams in Dover Strait is strong，there were few ships sunk in it
B.most of the wrecks in Dover Strait were deep-draught vessels，ferries and high speed craft
C.the wrecks are not dangers to surface navigation
D.there were many ships sunk in Dover Strait

: 材料：
Coastal conditions
The area described in the volume presents the mariner with a generally adverse combination of navigational factors which are outline below．
Local Topography．The Dover Strait is shallow and only is 18 miles wide at its narrowest point．Passage through the strait is further constricted by a series of narrow banks，running NE-SW．The seabed is also littered with wrecks．
Natural Conditions．There are strong tidal streams in the strait．Sea level may differ from that predicted and in particular may be lower than expected due to negative tidal surges．The area is also subject to gales and poor visibility．
Risk of Collision．There is a high risk of collision caused by the density of vessel traffic on passage through the strait，including deep-draught vessels，and crossing traffic，including ferries and high speed craft．
Mine danger areaThere are two areas off the N coast of France，which remain dangerous because of mines lied in the war of 1939-1945．Due to the lapse of time the risk to surface navigation is now considered to be no more dangerous than that the ordinary risks of navigation but a very real risk still exists with regard to anchoring，fishing or any form. submarine or seabed activity．
问题：
The crossing traffic in the Dover Strait is probably running ________．

: According to the passage，the risk of collision in the Dover Strait is caused by ________．

A.gales and poor visibility
B.a series of narrow banks
C.the density of vessel traffic on passage through the strait and crossing traffic
D.a generally adverse combination of navigational factors

: It was the ________ that had prevented the locking cleats at the flight deck（weather deck）engaging．

A.the lift should be raised slowly to avoid the accident
B.the aircraft lift on board RFA Argus should be driven by super power
C.the senior rating should give instructions in more detail to the three juniors to transfer a number of cylinders to the weather deck
D.if the unloading operation was supervised by an officer who has sufficient experience of the loads，lifting equipment and the overall operation，the accident would had been avoided