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Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Smart phones do many things these days: make and receive calls, send e-mails, take photos and videos. But one thing they can do that phone companies don’t advertise is keep a secret watch on you. As long as you don't leave home without your phone, that handy gadget keeps a record of everywhere you go—a record the government can then get from your telephone company.When you carry a cell phone, it is constantly sending signals about where you are. It signals the nearby cell-phone towers about every seven seconds so it can be ready to make and receive calls. When it does, the phone is also telling the company that owns the towers where you are at that moment--data the company then stores away. There is also a second kind of locational data that phone companies have, thanks to a unit in most smart phones now for locating positions. This is even more accurate--unlike the towers, which can only tell a general area where you may be, this unit can often reveal exactly where you are at any given moment within a matter of meters.The American government's position is that it should be able to get most of this data if it decides it is relevant to an investigation, with no need for a search permit. If the government needs a permit, it would have to show a judge evidence that there was probable cause to believe that the cell-phone user committed a crime. Without this requirement, the government can get locational data pretty much anytime it wants.The law is unclear about how easy it should be for the government to get its hands on this locational data. A federal court pronounced last week that in some cases the government may need a search permit. That' s a step forward, but it's not good enough. Some hearings on this issue are being held. It is time for Congress to act. It should make clear that information from cell phones is deeply private, and that without a search permit the government cannot have it.

26.The word "gadget"(para. 1) probably refers to________.

  • A.a computer
  • B.a camera
  • C.a cell phone
  • D.a recorder
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Toys worldwide share the characteristic of________.

  • A.introducing new skills
  • B.shaping new lifestyles
  • C.encouraging inventions
  • D.reflecting local customs

The development of the rattle reflects________.

  • A.changing artistic tastes
  • B.leaps in material invention
  • C.the value of artistic creation
  • D.a straight upward movement

The history of toys indicates that toys are not________.

  • A.regarded as an art form
  • B.affected by time and space
  • C.subject to cultural differences
  • D.liable to the progress of skills

The passage indicates that toys can help children to________.

  • A.develop their sense of duty
  • B.imitate their parents' trades
  • C.prepare for their future roles
  • D.understand their surroundings

Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they develop is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of skill, process, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is marvelous. In some African nations, the Americas, China, and Japan, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls (玩偶), little weapons, toy soldiers tiny animals and vehiclesBecause toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to leaps in technology that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the ox-cart to the automobile is a direct line of upward movement. The progress from a rattle(拨浪鼓) used by a baby in3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by invention Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.

31. According to paragraph 1, it remains unknown________.

  • A.why toys were invented
  • B.when toys began to exist
  • C.when toys became popular
  • D.what toys could do for kids
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