( )In a tree diagram of sentence structures, S is the root of the tree, occupying the topmost position, from where it branches into phrasal categories, which further branch into smaller syntactic units. The points at which the tree branches are located at various levels are known as branching nodes. A branching node is connected directly only to one lower node.

fossilization

Define with examples phonemic contrast, allophone and complementary distribution. What is the basic way to determine the phonemes of a language?

Describe with examples the lexical loss which occurred in Old English and Middle English. Do you think the loss of words inevitable? What do you think of the process of lexical loss?

interpersonal communication

internal borrowing

social dialects

embedded clause

predication

directives

compounding