Naturalism is evolved from ______ when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic.

Discuss Charles Dickens’ art of fiction：the setting，the character — portrayal，the language，etc.，based on his novel Oliver Twist.

Greatly and permanently affected by the war experiences, Hemingway formed his own writing style，together with his theme and hero. Please discuss Hemingway’s writing style in relation to his novels you have read.

What is the most famous theme in Henry James’s fiction?And what is his favourite approach in characterization，which makes him different from Mark Twain and W.D.Howells as a realist? Give two titles of his first period works in which this theme and this approach are employed.

As a leading spokesman of the “Imagist Movement”，what principles does Ezra Pound endorse?

TheWaste Land is T.S.Eliot’s most important single poem.Try to state the theme and the significance of the poem briefly.

“I cannot rub the strangeness from my sight, I got from looking through a pane of glass,I skimmed this morning from the drinking trough,And held against the world of hoary grass.”

Questions：

A.Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.

B.What does the word “strangeness’’ refer to?

C.What do the quoted lines imply?

As a leading Romanticist，Byron’s chief contribution is his creation of the “Byronic Hero”.Briefly explain the literary term “Byronic Hero’’.

“My tongue，every atom of my blood，form’d from this soil，this air,Born here of parents born here from parents the same，and their parents the same，I，now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin，Hoping to cease not till death”

Questions：

A.Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.

B.What do “soil” and “air” represent in the first line?

C.What does the poet try to say in the above four lines?

“The fiver glideth at his own sweet will：

Dear God! the very houses seem asleep;And all that mighty heart is lying still!”(from William Wordsworth’s “Composed upon Westminster Bridge”)

Questions：

A.What figure of speech is used in the quoted lines?

B.What does “that mighty heart’’ refer to?

C.What does the poem decribe?

“When the stars threw down their spears,And water’d heaven with their tears,Did he smile his work to see?Did he who made the Lamb make thee?”

Questions：

A.Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken

B.Whom does the “he’’ refer to?

C.What does the “Lamb” symbolize?