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In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.

Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents" capabilities and their aims, and children's development (51)______not only on upbringing and education but also on their innate abilities. Wild differences of innate intelligence and temperament exist even in children of the same family.

Parents can ascertain (52)______is normal in physical, mental and social development, by referring (53)______the books based on scientific knowledge in these areas, or by (54)______notes with friends and relatives who have children.

Intelligent parents, however, realize that the particular setting of each family is (55)______, and there can be no rigid general rules. They use (56)______information only as a guide in making decisions and solving problems. For example, they will need specific suggestions for problems such as speech defects or backwardness (57)______, learning to walk or control of bodily functions. In the more general sense, though, problems of upbringing are   (58)______

to be problems of relationships within the individual family.

All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. The younger the child, the   (59)______readily the mother gives in to his demands to  (60)______disappointing him. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, her child's continuing development may be warped.

(From Bringing Up Children)

(51)

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