Passage 4

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

  Blaming the media for violence is misguided. To better understand the issue of violence and society, it is helpful to examine its historical roots. Certainly not all tribal societies were violent. For example, many native tribes in the American southwest were entirely peaceful. However, for most tribal people throughout most of the world, war and violence have always been part of life. One of our oldest books, the Old Testament, tells of constant tribal wars among the peoples of the Middle East. Likewise, ancient texts such as the Greek Iliad, the Indian Bhagavad-Gita and the Nordic Beowulf all tell tales of war and violence. Certainly the peoples of ancient Babylonia, Greece, India, and Scandinavia were not influenced by the media, yet most of the earliest human records indicate that violence has been an ever-present经常存在的 part of human life. Since violence was with us long before modern media, it seems unlikely that controlling the media now would have much impact on stopping human violence.

(67)

(65)

(64)

(66)

According to the author, what is the relationship between media violence and real-life violence?

[(63) In your quest for success, enthusiasm means that you believe deeply in what the company is doing. ]You also believe that your job is important and contributes to the cause. It means that you’re willing to work your butt off (努力做事) to achieve the company’s goals. [(64) Real enthusiasm is when you leap out of bed in the morning and attack your day full of energy. ][(65) You have zeal for the work you do and the people you work with. This pushes you to improve and become a better person. ]Enthusiasm means that you are stimulated by your work，and are able to find new challenges and keep growing professionally.[ (66)Furthermore, most jobs have some elements that are less fun and more difficult to carry out. ]This is where passion really comes into play. [(67) When you love what you do, it isn’t too difficult to get mentally prepared and get the job done. ]The hard part is performing equally well in those less interesting tasks. 

 (From Enthusiasm Leads to Success) 

 (63)

Why does the author examine the historical roots of violence in the first paragraph?

(58)

(59)

(60)