By late middle ages many workers are looking (1 ) to retirement, and millions of those (2) have retired are only too glad to exchange the routines of work ( 3 ) the satisfaction that a more leisured life may (4). Many other workers are reluctant to give up their (5). The desire to continue working often stems from harsh economic reality, for (6 ) usually brings a sharp drop in income.( 7 ) workers fear the loss of social identity that can result from (8) a job. They may be left with “nothing to do”, and may find that they are (9) a life with significant meaning and fulfillment. Those old people who (10) like to continue working are often victims of (11) is perhaps the most striking example of age discrimination (歧视): the practice of mandatory (强制的) retirement, under which people are forced to give up their jobs immediately when they ( 12 )a certain age. Until recently the precise age for mandatory retirement ( 13 ) from job to job. The usual mandatory retirement age in the U.S.A., however, was sixty five. The objection to mandatory retirement is that there is no ( 14 ) to suggest that most people over the age of sixty five or seventy are incapable of working; at the turn of the century, in fact, 70 percent of men over sixty five were still (15) in the labor force.

1.A. forward B. back C. at D. backward

2. A. that B. who C. which D. whom

3. A. in B. for C. to D. with

4. A. take B. gain C. bring D. send

5. A. jobs B. works C. position D. tasks

6. A. unemployment B. retirement C. loneliness D. retreat

7. A. any B. some C. no D. somebody

8. A. not to have B. not have C. having not D. not having

9. A. assured of B. reminded of C. robbed of D. convinced of

10. A. could B. should C. would D. might

11. A. what B. that C. which D. when

12. A. arrive B. get C. reach D. come

13. A. varied B. ranged C. shifted D. turned

14. A. event B. incident C. evidence D. indication

15. A. active B. ignored C. inactive D. useless