The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11 , 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic【B1】______by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

  The heightened alert【B2】______an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising【B3】______in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

  But the epidemic is"【B4】______"in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general ,【B5】______the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the【B6】______of any medical treatment.

  The outbreak came to global【B7】______in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths【B8】______healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to【B9】______in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

  In the United States, new cases seemed to fade【B10】______warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was【B11】______flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the【B12】______tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1 , not seasonal flu. In the U. S. , it has【B13】______more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6, 000 hospitalizations.

  Federal health officials【B14】______Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began【B15】______orders from the slates for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is【B16】______ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those【B17】______doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not【B18】______for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other【B19】______. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups; health care workers, people【B20】______infants and healthy young people.

【B1】

Part A

Directions: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)

You have just come back from the U. S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to

1) express your thanks for his/her warm reception;

2) welcome him/her to visit China in due course.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use " Zhang Wei" instead.

Do not write your address. (10 points)

Part B

Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)

In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should 1) interpret the chart and 2 ) give your comments. You should write at least 150 words.

Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

(47)

(48)

Part C

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

"Sustainability" has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.

  Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He'd been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.

  It didn't go well. "It was a really bad move because that's not my passion, " says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. "I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, 'Just wait, you'll turn the corner, give it some time.

(46)

The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.

It has been documented that during World War II , America's armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.

Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.

The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.

Part B

Copying Birds May Save Aircraft Fuel

  Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.

  The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape—expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird's wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California, has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71 % .

  When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modelled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally change places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.

  There are, of course, knots to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in companion? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the intimate groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.

  It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes' wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.