2017年MBA联考真题英语

Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)You should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. 

Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to agroup of international students. Write a reply to

1）Accept the invitation, and

2）Introduce the key points of your presentation.

You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.

Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use“Li Ming” instead.

Do not write the address .

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My Dream

My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years beforegraduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashiondesign course. However, during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with16

other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying foruniversity I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favouriteactivities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream -I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!

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Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.

The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. "Wedon't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexicoclothing line. 

Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further tradedeals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing. 

But there is also a different way to look at the data. 

Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having toomany workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, Americanmanufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennialsmay not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar orbetter pay. 

For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages."They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine CoilSpring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been pluckedby other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringinghigh school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture. 

At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his fathercofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five areretiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placementprogram, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years. 

At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the coppercoils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Askedabout his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching toelectrical engineering. "I love working with tools. I love creating." he says. 

But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents,who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them toavoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame iton the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a businessdevelopment agency for western Michigan.

These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilledtrades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."

The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr,a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobs atMcDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill. It's that gap in between, andthat's where the problem is." 

Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials intomanufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, youngpeople value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live theirlives," she says. 

A、says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working withtools。 

B、 points out that there are enough people to fill thejobs that don ’t need much skill 。 

C、points out that the US doesn’t manu facture anything anymore。 

D、believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers。 

[E] says that for factory owners，workers are harder to find because of stiff competition。 

[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing。 

[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to15blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents 。 

41.Jay Deuwell______________ 

42.Jason Stenquist______________ 

43.Birgit Klohs______________ 

44.Rob Spohr______________ 

45.Julie Parks______________

41__________

42

The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____.

While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.

Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is anational concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialistin fire ecology and management. 

In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annualbudget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep －that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into constructionin fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likelyto be lost to a wildfire? 

“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country, We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK ?”“Do we want insteadto redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape? ”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researcherssay. 

For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, thefocus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leadingto conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of theequation. 

“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,"he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an overly simplified view of what the solutionsmight be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited. At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled andunleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But macknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says. 

“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire, ” Balch says. “It is really important tounderstand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today. ” 

 36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they_____.

Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _____.

The word “acclimation ” （Line 8, Para. 3）is closest in meaning to_____.

A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.

The most suitable title for this text would be_____.

Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.

Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasinglyhigh expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook thepossibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, itseems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel9natural to spend a year doing something that isn ’t academic.But while this may be true, it ’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's alwaysconstant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line, whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite commonmisconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits－in fact, it probablyenhances it. 

Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generallybetter prepared for and perform. better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling studentsback, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities andenvironmental changes－all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap yearexperiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brandnew environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimationblunders. 

If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then considerits financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for EducationStatistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poorunderstanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to anotherafter taking college classes. 

It ’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it cancostly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, youwould have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from anotherdepartment. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save moneylater on. 

31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____.

According to Tronick, kid ’s use of screens may_______.

The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.

Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment ” to show that _______.

Radesky’s food -testing exercise shows that mothers ’ use of devices ______.

The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____.

With so much focus on children ’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their ownscreen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in, ” says Jenny Radesky in her study play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ” 

Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairsa food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During aseparate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents wouldbe looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces areblank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely7disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment ” devised by developmentalpsychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. 

In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normalway before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The childbecomes increasingly distressed as she tr ies to capture her mother ’s attention. "Parents don't have tobe exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsiveand sensitive to a child ’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Rade sky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are bornout of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology thatsays if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” 

Tronickbelieves that just because a child isn ’t learning from the screen doesn ’t mean there －particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break fromtheir child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get somework out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to theirchild the rest of the time. 

26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.

With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____.

Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.

The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____.

Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their localpark. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UKand more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four yearsold to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 secondsup to an hour. 

Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, itwas announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documentspledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away fromtheir couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has nothappened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run－up to2012－but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at anaccelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport aweek have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospectionscontinue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offersanswers. 

Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about toptalent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and toproduce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part wasintimidating for newcomers. 

Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such afundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role forgovernment, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there isspace for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over sellinggreen spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditionsfor sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse. 

21.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.

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People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different ，with academics，writers，and activists once again ___1___ that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-freeworld will be defined by ___2___ . A few wealthy people will own all the capital ，and the masses will struggle in animpoverished wasteland.