Passage 2

 On days when there is work, talk to the other guys. Some of them tell me that the harvest season is coming in northern California, and they say that one can earn good money there. Things haven't gone so badly in the car wash, but one afternoon give the manager my thanks for having hired and promoted me, and with a little suitcase that night I board a Greyhound headed north. My ticket is made out for San Francisco, but I don't plan to go that far. I plan to ride until find a place where people are harvesting, and to get off the bus there.

   I sleep on the bus for a few hours that night, and in the morning, when I awake, I don't know where we are. get up from my seat and walk down the bus aisle, looking for a Mexican or Chicano to tell me our location, but oddly enough, I don' t see any among the passengers, who are all white- skinned. I pay attention to the road signs we pass, but they are not of much help. I can read the town names, but I don't know where the towns lie. A map would help me, and I decide to buy one at our next stop. Lots of things are for sale at the bus stop's gift shop, but there are no maps. I direct myself towards the shop's operator but I run into the language barrier. The operator is an Anglo, and when speak to him in Spanish, he says that he doesn't understand. I try to practice my very precarious(不可靠的) English with him, but it's' of no use. I have rough idea of the sound of the words that want to say, but I can't' pronounce them right make signs, signaling big piece of paper and say "from California", but he turns into a question mark, with eyes wide open, arms raised and hands extended. "Map ."I say, but don't pronounce the word very well. "Freeways, streets, "I add, but he still doesn't understand. He points out chewing gum, candies, pieces of cake, sandwiches, soft drinks, and cigarettes, trying to guess what I'm asking for. But he doesn't show me any maps. Finally, I back out of the store, and as I leave I hear him say, "I'm sorry.”

(63)You have your own special place and work. Find it, fill it.Scarcely a boy or girl will read these lines but has much better opportunity to win success than Garfield, Wilson, Franklin, Lincoln, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Frances Willard, and thousands of others had. (64)But to succeed you must be prepared to seize and improve the opportunity when it comes.(65)Remember that four things come not back: the spoken word the sped arrow, the past life, and the neglected opportunity.(66)It is one of the paradoxes of civilization that the more opportunities are utilized, the more new ones are thereby created.New openings are as easy to find as ever to those who do their best, although it is not so easy as formerly to obtain great distinction in the old lines, because the standard has advanced so much, and competition has so greatly increased.(67)"The world is no longer clay, "said Emerson, "but rather iron in the hands of its workers, and men have got to hammer out a place for themselves by steady and rugged blows(From Opportunities Where You Are)

What are the positive side and negative side of Henry Ford's statement referred to?

Acquire lack  such as  possession to   affect 

Despise as well as which inherited  towards pay for 

Many intermediate groups grew up during the nineteenth-century between the upper middle class and the working class. There were small-scale industrialists (51)( ) large ones, small shopkeepers and tradesmen, officials and salaried employees, skilled and unskilled workers, and professional men(52)( ) doctors and teachers. Farmers and peasants continued in all countries as independent groups.

 During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the (53)( ) of wealth inevitably (54)( )

 a person's social position. Intelligent industrialists with initiative made fortunes by their working-class parents. But they lacked the social training of the upper class, who (55)( ) them as the new rich”

 They often sent their sons and daughters to special schools to(56)( ) social training. Here their children mixed with the children of the upper classes, were accepted by them, and very often found marriage partners from among them. In the same way, thrifty(节俭的), hardworking labourer, though not clever himself, might save for his son enough to(57)( ) an extended secondary school education in the hope that they would move into a white-collar" occupation, carrying with it a higher salary and a move up in the social scale.

 The tendency to move down in social class is less obvious, for a claim to an aristocratic birth, especially in Europe, has always carried a certain distinction, and people have made tremendous efforts to obtain for their children the kind of opportunities they had for themselves. In the twentieth century the increased taxation of higher incomes the growth of the social service development of educational opportunity have considerably altered the social outlook. The upper classes no longer are the sole, or even the main possessors of wealth, power and education, though (58)( ) social positions still carries considerable prestige.

 Many people today are hostile(59)( ) class distinctions and privileges and hope to achieve a classless society. The trouble is that as one inequality is removed, another tends to take its place, and the best that has so far been attempted is a society in(60)( ) distinctions are elastic(可变的)and in which every member has fair opportunities for making the best of his abilities.

Passage 4

 Henry Ford, the famous U. S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, "The business of America is business. "By this he meant that the U. S. way of life is based on the values of the business world Few would argue with Ford's statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business.

 Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as" the entertainment industry" or "show business".

 The positive side of Henry Ford's statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of better job. Jobs are produced in abundance because the U. S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.

 The negative side of Henry Ford's statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business-referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U. S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the right to form. unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing-the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high-creates feelings of insecurity for many.

According to the passage, which factors can be affected by business?

(profession) Many of the performers were of( ) _standard.

(certain) The police are trying to( )what really happeneD。

(commit) Some researchers have discovered that people who live together are often less( )

( disappoint) Not getting the job was a terrible( )

(image) In my( ) I thought I heard her calling me.

(response) All pilots are( ) for their passengers' safety.