In a telephone survey of more than 2 000 adults, 21% said they believed the sun revolved(旋转)around the earth. An【C1】______21% did not know which revolved around that. I have no doubt that【C2】______all of these people were suggested in school that the earth revolves around the sun;【C3】______may even have written it on a test. But they never【C4】______their incorrect mental models of planetary(行星的)position because their everyday observations didn't support【C5】______their teachers told them: People see the sun "moving" around the sky as morning turns to night, and the earth seems stationary(静止的) 【C6】______that is happening. Students can learn the right answers by heart in class, and yet never combined them【C7】______their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the student's personal understanding of the world can【C8】______side by side, each unaffected by the other. Outside of class, the student continues to use the personal model because it has always worked well【C9】______that circumstance. Unless professors address specific errors in students' personal models of the world, students are not【C10】______to replace them with the correct one.

21． 【C1】

80． 机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢?(take over)

78． 她认为她的成功是由于勤奋加上一点儿运气得来的。(attribute to)

79． 据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死。(be said)

75． 【T5】

76． 他建议我找一份业余工作来挣点钱供我上大学用。(advise)

77． 尽管玛丽看起来有20多岁，可是她坚持说她只有16岁。(insist)

74． 【T4】

73． 【T3】

The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.【T1】Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend.【T2】This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order.【T3】This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting "good " as opposed to "bad" science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory.【T4】However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects.【T5】New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

71． 【T1】

72． 【T2】