By the Treaty of Paris of 1763 , which ended the war with the French and the Indians, England gained possession of Canada and all the territory east of the Mississippi River. French influence on this continent thus came to an end; England now controlled most of North America. But the war had been long and expensive. England had many debts. George III, king of England, after consulting with his advisers, decided that the American colonists(殖民者)should help pay some of the expenses of this war. A standing English army of 10 000 men had been left in the colonies(殖民地)for protection against the Indians. The English government also felt that the colonists should share in the expenses of maintaining this army. The result was a series of measures, the Grenville Program, passed by Parliament and designed to raise money in the colonies. Some of these measures were accepted by the colonists, but one in particular, the Stamp Act, was met with great protest. The Stamp Act required that stamps, ranging in price from a few cents to almost a dollar, be placed on all newspapers, advertisements, bills of sale, wills, legal papers, etc. The Stamp Act was one of the causes of the American Revolution. It affected everyone, rich and poor alike. Some businessmen felt that the act would surely ruin their businesses. Of all the voices raised in protest to the Stamp Act, none had greater effect than that of a young lawyer from Virginia—Patrick Henry. Henry had only recently been elected to the Virginia Assembly. Yet when the Stamp Act came up for discussion, he opposed it almost single-handedly. He also expressed, for the first time, certain ideas that were held by many Americans of the time but that never before had been stated so openly. "Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be bought at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty(万能的)God! I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!"

31． From the text we learn that______.

80． 机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢?(take over)

78． 她认为她的成功是由于勤奋加上一点儿运气得来的。(attribute to)

79． 据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死。(be said)

75． 【T5】

76． 他建议我找一份业余工作来挣点钱供我上大学用。(advise)

77． 尽管玛丽看起来有20多岁，可是她坚持说她只有16岁。(insist)

74． 【T4】

73． 【T3】

The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.【T1】Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend.【T2】This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order.【T3】This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting "good " as opposed to "bad" science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory.【T4】However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects.【T5】New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

71． 【T1】

72． 【T2】