There is nothing in this world constant butinconstancy. —SWIFT Project after project designs a set of algorithms and thenplunges into construction of customer-deliverable software on a schedule thatdemands delivery of the first thing built.?

In most projects, the first system built is（71）usable. Itmay be too slow, too big, awkward to use, or all three. There is no（72）but to startagain, smarting but smarter, and build a redesigned version in which theseproblems are solved. The discard and（73）may be done in one lump, or it may be done piece-by-piece. But alllarge-system experience shows that it will be done. Where a new system conceptor new technology is used, one has to build a system to throw away, for eventhe best planning is not so omniscient（全知的）as to get it right the first time.

The management question, therefore, is notwhether to build a pilot system and throw it away. You will do that. The onlyquestion is whether to plan in advance to build a（74）, or topromise to deliver the throwaway to customers. Seen this way, the answer ismuch clearer. Delivering that throwaway to customers buys time, but it does soonly at the（75）of agony（极大痛苦）for the user, distraction for the builders while they do theredesign, and a bad reputation for the product that the best redesign will findhard to live down.

Hence plan to throw one away; you will,anyhow.

（71）

（75）

（72）

（73）

（74）

There is nothing in this world constant butinconstancy. —SWIFT Project after project designs a set of algorithms and thenplunges into construction of customer-deliverable software on a schedule thatdemands delivery of the first thing built.?

In most projects, the first system built is（71）usable. Itmay be too slow, too big, awkward to use, or all three. There is no（72）but to startagain, smarting but smarter, and build a redesigned version in which theseproblems are solved. The discard and（73）may be done in one lump, or it may be done piece-by-piece. But alllarge-system experience shows that it will be done. Where a new system conceptor new technology is used, one has to build a system to throw away, for eventhe best planning is not so omniscient（全知的）as to get it right the first time.

The management question, therefore, is notwhether to build a pilot system and throw it away. You will do that. The onlyquestion is whether to plan in advance to build a（74）, or topromise to deliver the throwaway to customers. Seen this way, the answer ismuch clearer. Delivering that throwaway to customers buys time, but it does soonly at the（75）of agony（极大痛苦）for the user, distraction for the builders while they do theredesign, and a bad reputation for the product that the best redesign will findhard to live down.

Hence plan to throw one away; you will,anyhow.

（71）

软件系统的安全性是信息安全的一个重要组成部分，针对程序和数据的安全性测 试与评估是软件安全性测试的重要内容，（69）不属于安全性测试与评估的基本内容。

对一段信息生成消息摘要是防止信息在网络传输及存储过程中被篡改的基本手 段，（68）不属于生成消息摘要的基本算法。

以下关于集成测试的叙述中，不确的是（67）

以下属于静态测试方法的是（66）

测试过程中，正确的测试顺序应该是（65）。①单元测试 ②集成测试 ③系统测试