巴尔胡达罗夫认为在翻译的过程中，有时需要求助于超语言环境，这里所谓“环境“不包括-__________。

B. Directions： Translate the following passage into English and write your translation on the answer sheet.(15 points)

原文：中华民族时由五十六个民族组成的家庭。从遥远的古代起，我国各族人民就建立了紧密的整治，经济，文化联系，共同开发了祖国的河山。中国在两千多年前就形成了幅员广阔的统一国家。悠久的中华文化成为维系民族团结和国家统一的牢固纽带。团结统一深深印在中国人的民族意识中。

原文：Some people say that dreaming is very important, that it can predict future troubles and joys, or that the monsters and demons in our dreams represent our deepest anxieties and fears. Some others, though,, say that a nightmare does not necessarily have a negative meaning. For example, dreaming of your own death may be highly frightening, wake you up in the middle of the night, and make you sweat all over. The meaning of this dream, however, is not death, but a turning point in life, a promising and a full success. Likewise, dreaming of finding money may actually mean you will lose something.Still some others would say, you cannot just say that a good dream means something bad and vice versa. It all depends on the circumstances. Take dreaming of water for example, clear water can indicate riches, and muddy water indicates disputes. If the water is hot, then you must guard against unexpected dangers.

原文：二十年来，我国的航天事业从胜利走向新的胜利。

原文：总之，合逻辑，合文法和运用较好的修辞，这三点请你们在写文章的时候注意。

原文：有一年的冬初，四叔家里要换女工，做中人的卫老婆子带她进来了。

原文：我生在上海长在上海。

原文：Researches have shown that the “rod “ tends to produce children who are more aggressive than their peers.

Directions： Each of the following translated sentences is inadequate. Revisethe given versions and write your versions on the answer sheet.

Example：

原文：能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。

译文：To write a preface to this collection of his essay gives me a great honor.

改译：I find it a great honor to write a preface to this collection of his essays.

原文：黑人妇女入狱的比率比白人妇女高八倍。

原文：Day by day the sea is eating the land— the dam has stopped the sediment of the Nile from replenishing the shoreline.

原文：Objections, if any, should be raised by buyers within five days after receipt of the sales contract.