“That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work; That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original; That the Translation should have all the ease of original composition.”以上观点是__________提出的。( )

原文： Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are deaD、One’s thought must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one’s own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. …The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality. ?Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.

B、Directions： Translate the following passage into English. (15 points)

原文：家里最大的是我，才十三岁，就唱戏养家了。真是一个钱撕成八瓣用，心里总想着怎样能够改善家里的困境。早晨去喊嗓子，我带着一个小篮拾煤核，为了回家取暖。拾煤核也要放聪明点儿，常常换换地方，为的不受那些野男孩子的欺负。那些男孩子是成群结队的拾煤核，我是一个人，怕被他们欺负，我用换地方的办法，躲着他们。他们看见女孩拾煤核就捣乱，揪我的小辫，向我身上扔虫子，吓得我看见他们就躲。

原文：中国海域有丰富的海水资源和海洋可再生能源。

原文：做中人的卫老婆子带她进来时，她头上还扎着白头绳。

原文：我们应该增进相互了解，加强友好合作。

B、Directions: Each of the following translated sentences is inadequate. Revise the given versions.

Example：

原文：中国在任何情况之下决不首先使用核武器。

译文：At no time China will be the first to use nuclear weapons.

改译：At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

原文：五四运动是一次彻底的不妥协的反帝反封建的革命运动。

原文：提高现有耕地单位面积产量有潜力。

原文：Such issues as clean air, pure water and freedom from noise pollution are public concerns.

原文：As soon as she became a widow she devoted herself to women’s higher education.

原文：From both sides of the valley little streams slipped out of the hill and fell into the Salinas River.