对销贸易般是与有关国家的政策目标相互联系的，如应对外汇短缺和扩大出口之类的问题。

就出口商面言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利，付款交单比承兑交单有利。

GNP与GDP区别在于，前者强调的是生产要素的所有权，而后者则关注进行生产的地方。

第一次世界大战以前,金本位制建立了固定汇率制，每个国家通过将本国货币与黄金挂钩来确定其货币的平价。

Tourism is yet another important form of invisible trade. Many countries may have beautiful scenery, wonderful attractions, places of historical interest,or merely a mild and sunny climate. These countries attract large numbers of tourists,who spend money for travelling,hotel accommodations,meals,taxis,and so on.Some countries depend heavily on tourism for their foreign exchange earnings, and many countries are making great efforts to develop their tourism.

随着制造业和技术的发展，出现了另一个刺激贸易的因素，即国际专业化。

对销贸易般是与有关国家的政策目标相互联系的，如应对外汇短缺和扩大出口之类的问题。

The packing list gives information such as the number, date, name and description of the goods,shipping marks,packing, number of packages , specific contents of each package and its net weight and gross weight etc.Sometimes,the credit stipulates for specification list which is similar to the packing list but emphasizes the description of the specifications of the goods.

Can you give at least five major types of credits?

What is the difference between a sales contract and a purchase contract?

Can you give one example to illustrate “insurable interest"?