A recent research shows that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens.But at the age of 15 or so，the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school，work，and other activities.These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in their daily routines.

In general，these “short sleepers” appeared ambitious，active，energetic，cheerful，and very sure about their career choices.They often held several jobs at once，or worked full-or part-time while going to school.And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their family，friends and so on. 

When asked to recall their dreams，the “short sleepers” did poorly.More than this，they seemed to prefer not remembering.In similar situation，their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed，and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away. 

The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to，but less extreme than，sleep patterns shown by many mental patients. 

The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed.The research shows that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood.They seemed to enjoy their sleep，protected it，and were quite concerned when they were occasionally robbed of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest.They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers”. 

1.According to the report，________.

Trash removal (垃圾清除) is something every person needs to think about for their residence (住宅) because organizing a clean-up event can make the community more beautiful and be good for the environment.This is a good opportunity to bring families together and get them outdoors and helping each other to beautify (美化) the community. 

Organizing a trash removal event is easy if you know how to prepare for it.Get ready to improve the place where you live to make it cleaner for everyone! 

You need to choose a day for the trash removal event.Select a date that is about two to four months away.Planning as far in advance as possible is always smart.Choose a second date as a backup (后备) in the event of rain or other bad weather conditions. 

Your best situation is to select an area in your community that is often used and tends to interest people on a regular basis.Parks are a good example of an area that might need a good clean-up.Lakes，beaches and areas that are found along roads that are traveled frequently could get some help in the trash removal event.Just make sure you make plans to clean up an area that will not be dangerous to everyone involved. 

It is strongly recommended that you ask for permission from the county，city or town before you start making serious plans to round up the garbage in an organized event.Doing so makes you a responsible citizen of the community. 

Once you receive permission to hold a trash removal event you can then move forward with your plans.Organize a committee to make the public know about the outdoor clean-up and then ask for volunteers.For example，you can give out fliers (传单) or put them up in right areas of your community where the fliers are visible. 

What is the purpose of writing this passage?

It can be concluded from the third paragraph that________.

A recent research shows that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens.But at the age of 15 or so，the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school，work，and other activities.These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in their daily routines.

In general，these “short sleepers” appeared ambitious，active，energetic，cheerful，and very sure about their career choices.They often held several jobs at once，or worked full-or part-time while going to school.And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their family，friends and so on. 

When asked to recall their dreams，the “short sleepers” did poorly.More than this，they seemed to prefer not remembering.In similar situation，their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed，and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away. 

The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to，but less extreme than，sleep patterns shown by many mental patients. 

The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed.The research shows that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood.They seemed to enjoy their sleep，protected it，and were quite concerned when they were occasionally robbed of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest.They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers”. 

1.According to the report，________.

Many “short sleepers” were likely to hold the view that________.

Little Tom，who got burned while he was setting off fireworks，________in hospital now.

The boy made the same mistakes________，which，of course，made his parents very angry.

When doing experiments，one cannot rely too much upon the human senses to make________observation.

There is little doubt________you will be able to judge truth and error if you have confidence in yourself.

They have earned lots of money，so I________believe that the business is a success.